Circularity for Educators’, and a second platform for interaction and direct exchange that we call ‘Educators for Circularity’, are part and parcel of the Circular Impulse Initiative (CII), a project intending to enhance the integration of circularity in BK education. Whereas the first provides with content on either circularity or pedagogy, the latter offers the opportunity for all of us to meet and share our experiences and learn from one another. More than 40 professors and researchers have contributed so far with videos and additional resources that are open and accessible to all. @en

The beginning of the 21st century is defined by geopolitical tensions around resources, an expected shortage of fossil fuel resources and the emerging climate crisis, amplifying the urgency of the transition to renewable energy sources. This energy transition has been at the forefront of public discussion, framed by the 2016 Paris Agreement and the 2019 European Green Deal. In this context, European member states must accelerate the decarbonisation of their industries and the transition to renewable energy sources. As each member state attempts to deal with this challenge, issues associated with social and spatial justice in coal-intensive European regions arise, calling for a coordinated, inclusive and collaborative plan aiming at a just transition.

This thesis uses the coal intensive region of Western Macedonia as a case study and proposes the reconfiguration of the energy landscape by formulating a territorial vision, based on an analysis and the evaluation of scenario building. More specifically, it develops a series of spatial and non-spatial strategies aimed at restoring ecological integrity, diversifying the energy production, re-using heritage spaces and promoting governance collaboration and social inclusivity. By examining the vulnerabilities, potential, and opportunities present in the territory of Western Macedonia, this thesis seeks to promote the reconfiguration of Western Macedonia, embracing principles of regenerative development, adaptive re-use, participatory planning and collaborative governance.

The coast of Paramaribo is predicted to undergo urban expansion due to the growing population of Paramaribo. However, the coast has to do with several challenges; tidal- and urban flooding and coastal erosion. This does not make the coast the most habitable place for urban expansion. The urban, water and soil systems are not functioning in harmony on the coast. Hence, a spatial transition to a dynamic co-existence between the urban-water-soil metabolism is necessary.
With this information, the following research question is formulated “How can an insight into the urban-water-soil metabolism develop a more socially and environmentally resilient coast in Paramaribo?”.
In order to answer this question an analysis was done on the three systems; urban, water and soil. The analysis was concluded with a site visit, which lead to the potential for a general strategy to achieve a resilient coast. As the urban-water-soil metabolism presents itself differently in several areas on the coast, 3 locations were chosen for which a strategy was designed with the help of the pattern deck, which was developed for this project.
The systemic change of the urban, water and soil systems will lead to a resilient coast of Paramaribo. The existing housing and urban expansion will be transformed/designed to be resilient, the urban expansion will be a mixed living and working environment. Tidal flooding will be addressed by strengthening the coast with a green belt and clay dykes. The water management system will be properly maintained and upgraded and the coast will be strengthened and protected from coastal erosion by rehabilitating the depleted mangrove forests. This in turn will also boost biodiversity.
In conclusion, the coast of Paramaribo can become resilient by (re)introducing co-existence of the urban-water-soil metabolism.

In urban areas, river courses have often been modified to a large extent to meet human needs. This modification has led to a decrease in ecological quality and biodiversity at both local and regional scales. Berlin is an example of a city with substantially modified rivers and decreased biodiversity. Rivers have been modified the most in dense neighborhoods near the city center. There is a need to improve urban river ecosystems in the context of a nationwide and worldwide decrease in biodiversity. The importance of urban green spaces increases for people in cities as well in the context of climate change. However, green spaces and their benefits are not equally distributed throughout the city, with socio-economically disadvantaged people generally having poorer access to green spaces and suffering more from environmental stress factors, such as noise pollution and heat stress. This environmental justice problem can be mitigated by making neighborhoods greener, but open space is often rather limited in the city. Therefore, this graduation project aimed to improve the ecological value of rivers and environmental justice simultaneously with ecological design for existing green spaces. The project focuses on the Panke River, a highly modified river that flows through neighborhoods with a substantial environmental justice problem. Design principles have been formulated based on scientific theory about ecological design and design for equitable green space access. These principles were combined in a design vision for a small area along the Panke River in the district Gesundbrunnen. The resulting design showed that it is possible to significantly improve both the ecological value of river ecosystems and environmental justice with ecological design for existing green spaces. The Panke River can be both an ecological corridor and a green structure that connects neighborhoods. The diverse riverbank landscape with an alternation of ecological and recreational focus areas is a high-quality public green space with improved ecological quality.

In the Netherlands landscape and (agri)culture have always influenced each other and there is an inherent relationship between them. Through innovations over time, the province of South-Holland developed profitable productive food-landscapes which provided an important contribution to the Dutch food production and export, making the Netherlands one of the leading food-exporters worldwide.

However, the profit-oriented character of the productive landscape no longer fits well with the changing societal values, as the current pattern is destructive to the environment and people feel disconnected from the food production and the landscape. Society today does not only value profit, but also increasingly cares about the environment and social justice. The productive systems are locked into a path of environmental destruction and do not focus on the values of society, which show increased awareness of the importance of a healthy, diverse, environmental-friendly and inclusive approach towards future developments.

To resolve this mismatch between landscape and culture, this project aims to transform the current economic-driven food productive landscapes towards regenerative food landscapes that match with the values and needs of society today. To do so, this project starts from the perspective of the landscape, uses transition theory as a theoretical base, takes into account social justice, and investigates the spatial implications of regenerative development.
The results are a vision that foresees regenerative landscapes for South Holland and a strategy with interventions to reach this vision by 2050. Both the vision and the strategy take into account the three different types of food landscapes of South Holland: agriculture on clay soil, livestock and dairy production on peat soil, and horticulture in a mixed peri-urban environment. The regenerative landscapes will not only mitigate the effects of previous destructions but reverse them by a cooperative relation between man and nature . The landscapes will revitalize the province to sustain modern values and to restore the inherent relation between landscape and culture.

The province of South Holland is a key player in the global food economy. However, its agrifood sector is currently generating unwanted outputs. CO₂ emissions are the largest and most problematic output flow of this sector, causing negative externalities such as climate change and sea-level rise. Actors producing the CO₂ are interlocked into a system and do not have the resources to escape this. This report uses the concept of the circular economy to design out this polluting output flow, while also taking the financial position of the actors into account. The transition to a circular agrifood economy for CO₂ has to happen spatially. The available space in the province of South Holland is already under pressure to solve other major challenges, such as land degradation, climate adaptation, decreasing biodiversity and a poor urban landscape relationship. Solving all these challenges separately is inefficient and impossible.
This report explores the possible synergies between mitigating those challenges and the transition towards a CO₂ circular (i.e. CO₂ neutral) agrifood economy, while also taking spatial justice into account. A future is envisioned of an interconnected metropolitan landscape where CO₂ is stored in the form of biomass and where knowledge about a biobased economy is gained and exported to the world. A cross-subsidy CO₂ exchange policy based on creating synergies with other challenges is proposed as a catalyst policy for this transition. Furthermore, specific spatial interventions in the form of setting up knowledge parks are also contributing to the transition. The agrifood sector will become much more robust and sustainable by trading CO₂ together. The production of biomass mitigates other spatial challenges too, and vulnerable farmers get an additional source of income. With the proposed strategies, the province of South Holland is ready for a sustainable and cooperating tomorrow.

Since the earliest records, the Brazilian semiarid, in the northeast of the country, has suffered from water scarcity and recurrent droughts. To mitigate the effects of high variability and low availability of water in the region, governments have been investing, since the 1960s, in the construction of dams to stop the loss of water to the ocean, and water channels, to quickly distribute the stored water to places of greatest demand. Of the 10 states in the Brazilian seminary, the one with the largest amount of waterworks is Ceará, where the largest reservoir in Latin America is also found, Castanhão, built in the middle third of the Jaguaribe river, whose basin drains 50% of the state’s territory. The construction of the Castanhão dam demanded, among other actions, the resettlement of the urban centre of the city Jaguaribara, which had 2/3 of its territory flooded to make way for stored water.

The initial study showed the unsustainability of the regional water system and a series of problems regarding the use and availability of water in Jaguaribara. Such observation aroused the hypothesis that local water management could be improved by combining engineering and nature-base solutions, considering the inhabitants of Jaguaribara and the unique biome of Brazilian semiarid, the Caatinga. Therefore, the present work adopts the research through design strategy (RTD) and starts from the analysis of the wetness Ceará and Jaguaribara, to propose design strategies that aim to establish a wetness retention landscape in Jaguaribara - also stretching these ideas at a larger scale. As result, the design strategies were evaluated for their effectiveness in terms of creating an autonomous and drought-resilient community, being classified into seven types, according to their specific objectives and areas of implementation.

Almost ten years ago Bernardo Secchi begun to portray the radical transformations faced by many western urban territories and regions. His vivid analysis was grounded in the idea that whenever the structure of the economy and society is changing, the urban question comes. Today Secchi's new urban question is certainly not "new" anymore but rather "on-going". Issues such as climate change, spatial mobility/freedom of movement, and the widening of social divide are common, even though the specificity of the various context and different forms of urbanisation result in different challenges. In the light of the "on-going" urban question, the spacial transformations due to climate change, urbanization, and the widening of the socio-spatial divide require a constant interrogation. Urbanists, geographers, sociologists, data analysts, historians. and other studious often find in the various forms of mapping a way to unfold the complexities of territories. The agency of mapping as a tool of inquiry becomes more prominent in interrogating the "on-going" urban question. However , the necessity of interrogating the changing territories mirrors in the necessity of questioning the tool of inquiry-mapping-itself. Whether the provided reading techniques are still relevant and how these mapping techiques could change, is the focal point of Q10. This Quaderno gathers various mapping explorations, conducted in the recent years by experienced and young researchers across Europe. The various studies share the struggle of questioning not only the territory under observation, but also mapping as a tool of inquiry. Each work attempts to explore further the agency of mapping from different perspectives. Quasi dieci anni fa, Bernardo Secchi ha descritto come alcune radicali trasformazioni stavano cambiando le città. Egli sosteneva che ogni qualvolta la struttura economica e sociale cambiava, emergeva una nuova questione urbana. Oggi la questione urbana sollevata da Secchi è in continua evoluzione; il cambiamento climatico, la mobilità intesa come libertà di movimento all’interno della società e dello spazio e il continuo aumento delle disparità sociali creano nuove sfide spaziali, che obbligano a porci continue domande sul futuro dell’urbanizzazione. Urbanisti, geografi, sociologi, storici e altri studiosi trovano nelle varie forme di mappatura un modo per svelare le complessità dei territori. La mappa diventa uno strumento sempre più importante per misurare la questione urbana. Tuttavia, la necessità di interrogare i territori che cambiano si riflette sul bisogno di mettere in discussione lo strumento stesso di indagine: la mappa. Il punto focale di questo Q10 riguarda la rilevanza delle tecniche di lettura fornite e come queste tecniche di mappatura potrebbero cambiare. Questo Quaderno raccoglie differenti punti di vista e varie esplorazioni cartografiche condotte negli ultimi anni da ricercatori provenienti da tutta Europa. I vari articoli condividono la messa in discussione non solo del territorio osservato, ma anche della mappatura come strumento di indagine immaginando nuove prospettive.@en