This study aimed to define and evaluate the viability of post-use options for excavated concrete sewer pipes. The research was conducted with a combination of literature review and expert interviews with professionals from the Municipality of Rotterdam. The process involved several key steps. The goal was to create a conceptual framework that can evaluate the viability of post-use options for excavated concrete sewer pipes. Initially, the study identified two existing circular economy theories from which four circular strategies were adopted. The potential post-use options for the excavated sewer pipes, were developed based on those strategies such as reuse, repurpose, refurbish, and recycle. The potential post-use options were identified through literature review. Following this, viability criteria were developed from academic literature and expert interviews. These criteria were categorized into general criteria, which must be met by all post-use options, and specific criteria specified to each circular strategy.A conceptual framework was established using the identified viability criteria, designed to evaluate the practical feasibility of post-use options for concrete sewer pipes. This framework was then applied to a test case involving excavated concrete sewer pipes in Rotterdam, serving as a prototype application to test its practical applicability. Seven potential post-use options were evaluated using the framework. From those seven, only two options were considered viable for the test case of Rotterdam. These were, repurposing the pipes for breakwater construction and recycling them using a conservative breaking installation. Other options were rejected due to factors such as insufficient remaining lifetime, lack of structural integrity, and inefficiency. The study concluded by demonstrating the practical application of leading criteria to evaluate post-use options. It also provided insights into the limitations of the study and suggested areas for future research, particularly in improving data accuracy and expanding the applicability of the criteria. However, the study faced some limitations. Some academic criteria were too generalized and not directly applicable to the specific context of concrete sewer pipes. The study heavily relied on expert opinions from the Municipality of Rotterdam, which may introduce bias or limit the perspective to that specific locality

The construction industry is increasingly embracing industrialised approaches to improve efficiency and reduce fragmentation. This research explores the development and management of product platforms, focusing on how industrialised construction companies enhance ecosystem collaboration to achieve sustainable business outcomes. The scope of the study includes understanding the process flow of product platform development, managing ecosystem boundaries, and ensuring partner alignment. The aim is to uncover the orchestration mechanisms that companies can use to better align their partners and facilitate collaborative platform development.
The findings reveal that different orchestration mechanisms—standardisation, nurturing, negotiation, and ownership—are emphasised depending on the company’s role within the ecosystem. Keystone companies prioritise standardisation and nurturing, while niche players focus on negotiation and ownership to protect their contributions. Additionally, the study highlights how the companies’ business models, company size, and market targets influence their approach to platform development. Cross-case analysis also revealed that effective management of ecosystem boundaries and regional regulations plays a critical role in product platform success.
In conclusion, industrialised construction companies can enhance ecosystem collaboration in product platform development by strategically balancing orchestration mechanisms and aligning ecosystem partners around shared goals, which are based on the company’s role.

Public participation is crucial for achieving ambitious societal goals, including housing expansion, emissions reduction, mobility accessibility, and climate resilience. However, satisfying diverse stakeholders becomes increasingly challenging as projects become more complex. The Environment and Planning Act (Omgevingswet) in the Netherlands aims to streamline permit processes and enhance collaboration among stakeholders, emphasising public participation. This research investigates how public participation processes are shaped following the implementation of the act, focusing on the Oude Lijn and the HOV4 case study. Through 13 semi-structured interviews and 10 observations, the study examines organisational aspects, such as participation planning, coordination, transparent communication, organisational choices, mindset, and perspectives. Various effects such as influence, expectations, understanding, trust, efficiency, and representativeness are analysed. Findings reveal nuanced relationships between participation processes and effects, providing valuable insights for professionals seeking to understand and optimise participation processes. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for achieving effective and inclusive public participation, ultimately contributing to more sustainable and resilient infrastructure and urban development projects.

In the last years, municipalities' role in protecting cities from climate change impacts has increasingly gained attention due to their proximity to the citizens. Although municipalities have the tools to implement mitigation and adaptation strategies, anchoring these strategies will demand multiple interventions in the urban sphere if municipalities execute all these projects through a siloed approach. Multi-interventions will increase energy consumption, generating more C02 emissions, as well as more mobility disruptions. Therefore, municipalities need to design and execute their projects integrally. Through a literature review and Rotterdam Municipality serving as a case study, this research explores both the theoretical and practicality of how municipalities can effectively apply an integrated infrastructure design approach (IIDA) to enhance climate-resilient infrastructures (CRI). The research found some of CRI's key characteristics and seven implementation lenses of IIDA at the municipal level: functional, transdisciplinary, synergistic, intervention scale, technological, time and finance.
Furthermore, a thematic analysis of 22 interviews revealed 19 key factors that influence a municipality's effectiveness in using an integrated design approach. These factors were grouped into six dimensions: human capacity, organisational culture, governance, information and knowledge, project process development, and finance. These findings have been translated into a strategic roadmap, providing practical guidance for municipalities to effectively implement IIDA.
The roadmap suggests municipalities need individuals with soft skills such as holistic vision, proactivity, and collaboration. Additionally, fostering an innovative and collaborative culture is essential to enable the development of pilot projects. From the knowledge generated from pilot projects, municipalities can update their standards process.

This thesis investigates the role of external stakeholder management in fostering resilience within infra-structure projects, focusing on the complexities arising from interactions between stakeholders and pro-ject organizations. The research problem centres on how different stakeholder management strategies affect project resilience, especially in challenging environments.

To address this problem, a qualitative single-case study methodology was used, examining the "Tunel Diamante" project in Acapulco, Mexico. This approach allowed for an in-depth exploration of 26 events involving external stakeholders, such as government entities and landowners, to determine how their influence strategies and the project’s responses affect project resilience.

From the analysis, the thesis identified three primary traditional influence strategies employed by ex-ternal stakeholders: 'progress obstruction,' 'protest,' and 'demand for compromise.' Additionally, it in-troduced two innovative categories: 'collateral events' and 'proactive mitigation.' These latter strategies indicate a broader and more nuanced understanding of stakeholder influence.

The project adopted four response strategies: resourcefulness, dialogue and negotiation, coercive nego-tiation, and ignoring. These influenced the type of resilience, from absorptive to adaptive and trans-formative. Resourcefulness, characterised by adaptability, was linked to all types of resilience, while dia-logue and negotiation generally led to absorptive resilience. Coercive negotiation had mixed results, raising ethical concerns.

The findings suggest that stakeholder management strategies can significantly impact project resilience but may involve trade-offs and ethical considerations. This thesis contributes to the discourse on resili-ence in project management and offers practical insights into how external stakeholder management strategies shape resilience. It concludes that proactive and ethical stakeholder management is crucial for achieving sustainable project resilience, emphasising the importance of engaging stakeholders early and addressing their concerns constructively.

Infrastructure and urban development projects continue to experience problems and tensions when it comes to external stakeholders, even though the importance of collaboration and dialogue between the external stakeholders and project developers is being increasingly stressed. There seems to be a lack of supporting policy and management strategies for better involvement of the public in public projects and confusion and uncertainty from the project developers’ side on how to engage with them in a more constructive way.

This research looks into how the public’s voice can be more adequately incorporated in public projects in the front-end, where the course the project will follow is set, and its values and relationships with stakeholders defined, in order to improve the collaboration between public governing bodies and their citizens. It does so by analysing an example of public projects with unsuccessful public participation that resulted in conflict: the Museumpark case, where the municipality of Rotterdam decided to make changes to the previous large asphalted square in-between Rotterdam’s most known museums by following standard greening designs. The issue was that this square was one of the most popular skating spots in the city with a growing community. Different disciplines that fall under the skating umbrella could be seen in the square, the main ones being skateboarding, longboarding and rollerskating. Besides these, other urban sports and styles were part of the scene, such as freestyle dancers, hoola-hoopers, and so on. Unbeknownst to the community, the redevelopment plans were progressing, and they only found out about the changes that would happen when the decision was finalised. Because the decision-making was done without consulting the skaters, this led to resistance from them, council debates, a delayed project, and growing distrust about the municipality from the community.

The aim of this research is to to understand current issues commonly faced in projects in the public sector in management, communication and stakeholder participation design, and to highlight strategies to improve public engagement in public projects.

The result of the research is a conceptual framework with strategies derived from the prevailing issues found in literature and what went wrong in practice (as seen in the empirical case). Novel participation methods and alternative approaches for external stakeholder engagement in culturally sensitive projects are needed more in practice in order to reduce the risk of problems occurring in projects or resistance. By testing these strategies in practice, a push is made towards a more inclusive participation, better communication between project developers and the public or the governmental body and the public, more inclusion of social values in projects, higher transparency and authenticity, and implementation of innovative ideas that come from the public’s knowledge.

This thesis examines the role of collaboration in water-adaptive urban development, focusing on the residential location selection process in the Netherlands. It identifies challenges in balancing housing demands with water and environmental constraints, exploring the Collaborative Governance model by Ansell and Gash (2008) to enhance multi-stakeholder engagement. Key stakeholders—municipalities, provinces, water boards, and developers—face power imbalances, inefficiencies, and conflicting interests, necessitating early involvement, especially of water boards, improved communication, and shared ownership. Strategies such as trust-building, shared goals, and both formal and informal interactions are highlighted, alongside the critical role of facilitative leadership in fostering collaboration. The study concludes with a proposed framework emphasising early engagement, institutional design, and leadership to enhance collaboration, addressing sustainable housing needs in water-sensitive areas and integrating key aspects of the Collaborative Governance model into the location selection process.

The Mekong Delta in Vietnam, one of the world’s most fertile and ecologically rich deltas, faces environmental challenges that threaten its biodiversity and local communities. Historically, the delta’s extensive mangrove forests provided natural coastal protection, but in recent decades, agricultural expansion, aquaculture, and infrastructure developments have degraded these ecosystems.
This research focuses on Bac Liêu, a region acutely affected by these changes. With diminishing mangrove buffers, local vulnerabilities to environmental hazards have increased, putting pressure on sea defenses. In response, the Dutch government and Vietnamese partners have introduced the “Mekong Living Lab,” an initiative for in-field research that promotes mangrove restoration and sustainable coastal management.
Conducted by TU Delft students, this study contributes to the Living Lab’s goals by exploring the causes of mangrove decline in Bac Liêu. Combining interviews with local residents and field data on coastal profiles, this multidisciplinary approach seeks to safeguard the ecological and economic future of the Mekong Delta.
The study suggests an integrated approach within the Living Lab framework, emphasizing research, showcasing, and education to bridge hydraulic, ecological, and socio-economic perspectives. Priority recommendations include continuous cross-sectional measurements, sediment retention analysis, stakeholder engagement strategies, and further interdisciplinary studies on mangrove viability. These initiatives aim to align technical insights with stakeholder needs, advancing observation-driven solutions for Bac Liêu’s mangrove ecosystems.

The Netherlands faces a significant challenge in addressing the vast renewal and renovation needs of its aging infrastructure. The portfolio approach offers a methodology to manage this task. By viewing projects as part of a larger portfolio rather than as isolated entities, this approach could improve efficiency and ensure the long-term reliability of infrastructure. This research investigates how the portfolio approach can support the Dutch infrastructure renewal and renovation agenda, focusing on its practical implementation and impact on project execution and outcomes. The research begins with a literature review to identify principles of the portfolio approach, such as collaboration, adaptability, and strategic alignment. These principles form the basis of a case study involving two related bridge projects managed within one portfolio. Interviews with the client and contractor provide an exploration of the practical implementation of the portfolio approach. The case study focuses on five key principles derived from academic and grey literature: improved decision-making through feedback, communication and knowledge sharing, stakeholder involvement, adaptability to dynamic environments, and portfolio-level benefit optimization. These principles guide the analysis, highlighting how actions such as feedback mechanisms and collaborative planning can enhance project execution and stakeholder alignment. The findings result in a simplified framework of actions and effects, showcasing the potential for infrastructure renewal in the Netherlands. The study shows that the portfolio approach could help address the Netherlands' infrastructure renewal and renovation challenge. By fostering collaboration and strategic alignment between clients and contractors, it has the potential to address renewal and renovation issues. However, the research also highlights challenges related to open-book collaboration, particularly in areas such as pricing transparency and allocation of manpower. These challenges can lead to tensions between the public commissioner and the contractor, especially when mechanisms for trust and accountability are poorly established. Addressing these issues requires tailored strategies that balance openness with fairness and efficiency. The research emphasizes the importance of adapting portfolio strategies to the unique dynamics while leveraging the portfolio approach to achieve national infrastructure goals effectively

Nowadays, it is a fact that there is an extremely high demand for hiring people almost every three months in the industry, so companies need to improve mentoring programs and accelerate the onboarding of new hires, particularly in hybrid work environments. This research study explores actionable interventions to enhance Knowledge Transfer [KT] using mentoring programs in the onboarding process supporting hybrid work environments, using ElvalHalcor as a case study.
After assessing the existing literature and specific models such as SECI and ADKAR, the research conducts a qualitative analysis through interviews to identify the challenges and coping strategies related to onboarding and Knowledge Transfer [KT]. These challenges, exacerbated by hybrid work models and informal onboarding processes, are addressed by proposing structured mentorship programs and advanced technologies to streamline the process.
Through the integration of suitable types of mentoring (peer, one-on-one, virtual) and incorporation of a new dual-mentor approach in the industry, combined with AI-driven tools and blockchain technology, and VR either for mentor-mentee pairing or for securing progress tracking, the industry can fill gaps in its current practices. These solutions are designed not only to enhance Knowledge Transfer [KT], boost employee engagement, and accelerate the time it takes new hires to reach full productivity but also to support a shift from traditional onboarding to a more adaptive, digital-friendly approach. By embracing digital and hybrid onboarding processes, organizations maintain synergy while investing in flexible options and interoperable software tools, promoting an agile and connected workplace.
Ultimately, the findings underscore the potential for industrial construction and manufacturing companies to enhance organizational efficiency and foster a culture of continuous learning in hybrid work environments. In an industry where complex projects demand rapid team integration, this research highlights the benefits of a structured, adaptive onboarding approach that improves safety, boosts productivity, and strengthens team cohesion from day one.

This thesis explores the potential of utilizing Generative AI to enhance knowledge contextualization among stakeholders to promote circularity in the construction industry. Circularity, essential for sustainable development, demands a shift from the linear “take- make-dispose” model to a regenerative approach that minimizes resource consumption and waste. The construction industry, a significant contributor to global material use and waste, faces unique challenges in implementing circularity due to its technical complexity and the wide range of stakeholders involved. Consultants, who play a crucial role in bridging the gap between technical knowledge and practical application, are central to overcoming these challenges. This study focuses on consultants and their ability to disseminate and contextualize knowledge, a process hindered by technical language, the varying expertise of stakeholders, and the multi-disciplinary nature of construction projects.
The research investigates the current applications of Generative AI, with a particular focus on ChatGPT, as a tool for knowledge contextualization in circular construction projects. Through a comprehensive literature review and qualitative data collection from semi-structured interviews with industry professionals, this thesis identifies both the barriers to effective knowledge-sharing stakeholders encounter in circular projects and the potential affordances of ChatGPT in overcoming these challenges. The state-of-the-art capabilities of ChatGPT include features such as contextual comprehension, few-shot learning, and coherent content generation, which allow it to process and present complex information in a user-friendly format tailored to the specific needs of stakeholders. Its affordances, such as knowledge retrieval, organization, and tailoring, enable ChatGPT as a powerful tool to create customized knowledge outputs, making it particularly suited for addressing the diverse and technical demands of the construction industry. The analysis of the interviews highlights that the limited understanding of circularity principles among stakeholders stems from the complexity of technical documentation, the information overload of the documents regarding circularity, and the lack of tailored information that adapts to the specific needs of different actors and projects in the construction process.
The thesis investigates the possibility of ChatGPT as a solution to these issues by dynamically tailoring technical information to match the expertise and tasks of diverse stakeholders. The research studies how ChatGPT's features and affordances in knowledge management can enhance the contextualization of circularity knowledge, improving the accessibility and usability of complex information for non-experts. This approach fosters better collaboration among stakeholders and accelerates the adoption of circularity practices, often slowed by misunderstandings and technical jargon.
The findings suggest that while the potential of ChatGPT in knowledge management is vast, its implementation is still in the early stages. The study proposes a framework for integrating Generative AI into the knowledge-sharing processes of the circular construction industry, aiming to optimize knowledge dissemination and improve stakeholder comprehension. The framework is based on tailoring the capabilities of AI to support consultants in their pivotal role of contextualizing knowledge. By addressing the identified barriers to the adoption of this tool, this thesis contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable construction practices and highlights the importance of technology in advancing the industry towards circularity.
This thesis concludes by offering practical guidelines for the integration of Generative AI in circular construction projects, underscoring the need for further research into its long-term implications. The proposed guidelines for integrating ChatGPT into the construction industry focus on three key phases: preparation, where stakeholders are trained to understand the AI’s capabilities; pilot testing, where AI-assisted knowledge contextualization is trialed in a controlled setting; and deployment, where the AI is fully integrated into project workflows with ongoing monitoring to ensure its effectiveness in enhancing communication and knowledge sharing. The research lays the groundwork for future studies aimed at refining AI applications in this context and ensuring that the construction industry can meet its sustainability goals through improved knowledge management practices.

This graduation project investigates the integration of green concrete in construction projects for sustainable development. Green concrete, characterized by the use of recycled materials, reduced cement content, and environment-friendly processes, is crucial in minimizing the construction industry's environmental impact. The study addresses the central question of how green concrete can be effectively implemented in construction projects, considering industry-specific challenges.
A mixed-methods approach, incorporating literature review, an online survey, and expert interviews, was utilized. The study extends the definition of green concrete to encompass lower energy and water consumption, a longer lifespan, and contributions to environmental, social, and economic sustainability.
The results indicated moderate awareness of green concrete among industry professionals, highlighting the need for further education. Despite this, the relevance and importance of green concrete were acknowledged. Environmental considerations were found to be the most influential factors in decision-making, followed by social and economic aspects. Seven critical factors affecting the decision-making process were identified, including industry support, personal attitudes, resources, market conditions, leadership, collaboration, and communication barriers. The most significant barrier to innovation was short-term thinking.
Expert interviews reaffirmed the significance of green concrete, though they also emphasized challenges such as high costs, performance concerns, and the lack of established norms.
In response to these findings, the study introduces the Green Concrete Integration Model (GCIM), an adaptive, six-step iterative framework to streamline the incorporation of green concrete into construction projects. The GCIM focuses on adaptability and continuous improvement, addressing technical, economic, socio-cultural, and regulatory challenges through identification, estimation, planning, testing, refinement, scaling up, and monitoring. The model also stresses the importance of stakeholder management and continuous assessment of environmental, social, and economic impacts.
In conclusion, the study offers a pioneering framework in the form of GCIM to facilitate the effective implementation of green concrete, promoting sustainable advancements in the construction industry.

Real estate development faces numerous challenges due to the dynamic market, socio-economic developments, but also deep-rooted mentalities and practices in the sector. Real estate developers need to innovate at both a strategic and business level to overcome these challenges and remain marketable in the long term. This study explores this gap and offers a solution by answering the question: " How can the strategic and project levels of a developer be aligned to achieve a sustainable real estate development concept?". Using a design science research methodology that combines interviews, workshops and expert panels, the Sustainable Real Estate Development Canvas (SREDC) was developed and tested. The canvas harmonises the strategic view of the developer and the interests of the various stakeholders at project level to achieve a new and sustainable development concept. During the workshop, in which all stakeholders participated, a jointly developed development concept emerged as a result of the harmonisation of interests, which demonstrates the practicability and feasibility of the proposed canvas.

This master thesis is focused on developing a comprehensive decision-making framework for the bidding process of innovative projects in the EPC industry. The research explores the current literature on the bidding process, risks, uncertainties, managing risks during the bidding process, and decision-making. It identifies EPC contractors' internal and external challenges and provides insights into overcoming them. The research also assesses the risks associated with EPC contractors and provides recommendations for risk mitigation. One of the significant challenges in deciding whether to fund innovative projects is assessing the innovativeness level of the project. This assessment is crucial because more innovativeness means more unknowns and risks. Additionally, human factors play a significant role in decision-making since risks perception can vary from person to person. Therefore, a decision-making framework that encompasses all the factors involved in the bidding process for innovative projects is necessary. This thesis addresses three research questions: (1) How do you manage risks in the bidding process for innovative projects in the body of knowledge? (2) how are decisions taken during the bidding process by EPC contractors? Furthermore, (3) what are the challenges and opportunities for improving decision-making? Finally, the thesis proposes a new decision-making framework that integrates innovativeness assessment in the decision-making process by considering all the factors around such decisions.

This research examines how construction project managers in China integrate sustainability into their decision-making processes despite other constraints, such as cost, time, and quality. Using a Q-methodology, the study reveals a variety of managers' perspectives and strategies on sustainability, highlighting the complexity of integrating sustainability into construction project management.

The study identified three main perspectives of construction project managers: Cost and Sustainability, People and Sustainability, Cost and Quality. The study found that in current practice there is a general preference for safety over sustainability, while there are different perspectives on the sustainability compatibility with project objectives. The study highlights the need for continuous innovation and adaptation in incorporating sustainability while recognizing the diversity of management approaches and the multifaceted nature of construction projects.

While providing practical insights for industry practitioners, the study also recognizes limitations due to data subjectivity, regional differences, and changing external conditions. It is recommended that future research be conducted to compare sustainability integration in different countries and to explore the impact of cultural, economic, regulatory, and environmental factors on sustainable construction practices.

The research question addressed in this study is ”To what extent does the presence of a cloud forest canopy impact the Mestelá River catchment and how will this affect the various involved stakeholders?”. The study aims to investigate the importance of cloud forests in the Mestelá River catchment, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, related to water security and the social impact of cloud forest conservation and management. The research methods used in this study were a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods.

Cloud forests play a vital role in regulating water flow in catchments. The Mestelá River catchment, where the NGO Community Cloud Forest Conservation (CCFC) is situated, is the focus of this research. The project’s primary aim was to establish a long-term canopy setup, ensuring future data collection. The project’s scope encompasses a range of methodologies, including the installation of a long-term measurement station in the canopy, computation of the Mestelá River discharge, the development of a rating curve, and the utilisation of a FLEX-Topo model to simulate the hydrological cycle in the catchment. Additionally, a stakeholder management analysis was conducted to understand the complex impact of cloud forests (conservation) on various stakeholders.

The study did not explicitly formulate any hypotheses, but the findings provide evidence for the impact of cloud forest canopies on river catchments and discharge. The study also has limitations, including the small sample size and the lack of long-term data. However, the study provides valuable insights into the importance of cloud forest ecosystems for water security and the social impact of cloud forest conservation and management. The stakeholder analysis reveals that for CCFC two methods of advocacy can be used. Whilst the CCFC is effective in bottom-up engagement with the community, in addition, a strip for small children was constructed. For top-down advocacy, using the FLEX-Topo
model for visualising water security in combination with cloud forest protection holds promise.

The implications of this work are substantial for cloud forest conservation and associated ecosystems. The findings offer valuable insights for developing effective conservation strategies that consider the canopy’s impact on the catchment and its stakeholders. It is important to note that the FLEX-Topo model is currently conceptual and requires further refinement and detail for the Mestelá River catchment. Nevertheless, this study contributes significantly to the understanding of cloud forest ecosystems and offers practical and theoretical applications for future research and conservation efforts.

The report tackles Galveston's flooding challenges, which are currently in development with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) ring barrier. However, the current design, predominantly addressing coastal flooding, falls short in dealing with pluvial flooding, relying heavily on pumps. This top-down approach neglects environmental and stakeholder considerations, resulting in a decoupled response to compound flooding, lacking adaptability, and overlooking the impact of chronic flooding on local businesses. The central research question revolves around reshaping the Galveston ring barrier in The Strand area for enhanced functionality against both coastal and pluvial flooding, sustainable management of catastrophic and chronic flooding, and improved public space value. The methodology consist of a literature review, fieldwork in 'The Strand,' stakeholder engagement in Texas, the design of multiple alternatives that deal with the issue at hand and evaluation through a Multi-Criteria Analysis. Two alternative designs, sensitive to identified issues, are presented for the Strand area. The outcome emphasizes an interdisciplinary approach incorporating the knowledge of the different academic backgrounds of the team, with designs adaptable for broader implementation in Galveston.
The design alternatives centres on measures to counteract flooding, specifically cloudburst roads, retention areas, and a promenade. Caution is advised in interpreting results, emphasizing the need for further investigation into hydraulic conditions. Climate change effects are underscored, considering sea level rise, precipitation rates, and increased hurricanes. The project area, focusing on a 1 km stretch, offers local adaptation measures, with potential extension to larger areas to explore system behaviour on a larger scale. The study notes the uncommon implementation of sustainable drainage systems in the United States,
highlighting the importance of addressing common failure causes such as incomplete knowledge and poor communication. While two measures for pluvial flooding are examined, the report suggests a more detailed design should consider additional factors like green roofs and their impact on runoff speed and drainage capacity.

Qualitative research into management of multinational construction projects. This research entailed gathering data both from theory and practice, on how sustainability is included and managed, throughout the project process. Which was then compared and used to notice opportunities for increasing sustainability inclusion.