Against the backdrop of ethical-political dilemmas in urban planning, this research project investigates the philosophy of a historically radical yet increasingly canonical ethical-political thinker: Spinoza. The main research question of this project is: how can Spinoza’s ethical-political philosophy inform a theory of urban space and become operationalised for addressing ethical political issues in urban planning? The full extent of Spinoza’s ethical-political works has been mapped structurally, resulting in a cartography of Spinoza’s works. The philosophical concepts in this cartography have been assessed on their prospects for spatialisation, resulting in an estimation regarding the relevance of certain key concepts for urban planning. By examining these concepts through urban theories of agglomeration and the urban land nexus, it has been found that a Spinoza-informed urban theory might take the shape of a model of the city, aimed at mapping ethical-political situations in urban planning. Building on this, it has been found that this model can become instrumentalised as to form an urban planning approach. The action that an urban planner can take by virtue of the profession, through the Spinozist lens, has been determined. Similarly, the aim of urban planning (the planner’s “own agenda”), through the Spinozist lens, has been determined. The model can be used to reveal or ‘map’ ethical-political dilemmatic urban planning situations. Further areas of research could be testing this model further, and relating the findings on Spinoza’s philosophy and to urban planning to similar fields of research in architecture, ecology, economics, or political science.

Over the past 100 years, caravan dwellers in the Netherlands have been a subject of discussion. In the past, laws have banned them from travelling, placed them in big camps, decentralised these camps and even tried to force them into sedentary life through an extinction policy. After a verdict by the European Court for Human Rights, a new policy framework was created for caravan dweller accommodation, redirecting responsibility to municipalities. However, the stigmatised, spatially and socially segregated group is still not seeing improvement in meeting their human rights. Due to a lack of input and output legitimacy fuelled by a complex history with many discriminatory practices, they are distrusting of the government. The government admits fault and a knowledge gap in expertise on caravan dwellers. However, the group that could aid in filling the knowledge gap and improving the input legitimacy is hesitant to cooperate due to mutual distrust.

This research attempts to explore the interconnectedness of the themes of people, policies, spatial principles and governance &participation to create a new approach to the caravan dweller politics and decision-making process in the spatial planning context, by focusing on input and output legitimacy. Through different analytical and fieldwork methods ranging from media analysis to interviews, an approach is created that will advise on the current framework recommendations, who should be involved in which manner and how the process should be approached. A more central role for the national government and a participation roadmap that, together with the framework recommendations, will give insight into which mechanisms and tools can increase input and output legitimacy will pave the way to rebuild the trust between the different stakeholders and create a just and sustainable future for the caravan dwellers in the Netherlands.

This project explores the implications of the decline of rural areas and small urban environments in the Spanish countryside. While the growing urban cores seem to be more economically relevant for institutions, the unrepresented residents along with the rich natural and cultural heritage of these regions appear to be overlooked. Consequently, local cultures are disappearing, monuments and infrastructure are decaying and nature environments, already threatened by the ongoing climate crisis, are not sustainably managed while industries profit from the resources of these forgotten lands. As a response, activism groups and social movements are demanding a necessary paradigm shift in the management and governance of these territories.
This project aims to create new knowledge to support the transition to a new narrative that integrates rural areas in the Spanish countryside into the planning process from the point of view of post-growth theory and strategies, assuring a collaboration between actors and making sure the voices of unrepresented groups of society are heard. It strives to use the local heritage, which entails a big part of the identity of these communities, as a driver to implement change and dismantle the perceived barrier between the larger urban environments and the rural populations.
Through an empirical research approach, this project aims to answer the following research question: How can a spatial perspective on post-growth planning strategies contribute to preserving cultural and ecological heritage of rural communities in the Spanish countryside?
This question is addressed through a literature review that introduces a theoretical framework that is translated into a toolkit of spatial strategies. Secondly, through the systematic analysis of interviews with officials and residents of villages from the Soria province (Spain). The collected data informs a specific action timeline that materializes theory into space.
Sustainable (spatial and economic) development, community connectivity, and ecology management are three ways a spatial approach to post-growth planning strategies can protect cultural and natural heritage. Initiatives designed to satisfy basic needs, promote community resilience, and guarantee long-term sustainability through cooperative governance and locally adapted programs can strengthen the identity of rural communities and enhance the value and accessibility of their natural and cultural heritage.

Polders in the Taihu basin have a history of over two thousand years. The low-lying topography and dense water network create convenient geographical conditions for the reclamation of polders. Later, with the rapid population growth, mulberry-dike-fish-pond was constructed in order to make full use of the limited land resources, which is a sustainable and ecological agricultural model, supporting biodiversity and water resilience as well as providing a basis for settlement in this region. The historical polder landscape closely linked the water system, agriculture system, and settlement system, and then derived water culture, rice culture, fish culture, and silk culture.

However, since1950s, the Taihu Lake basin has been under drastic urbanization, which caused a threat to water safety and cultural heritage. The city invasion of the rural area and road construction leads to the siltation of the watercourse. As a result, the polder landscape was fragmented and lost its water resilience gradually. Water crises including eutrophication, flooding, and drought become more frequent, influencing the cultivation of crops and the traditional settlement’s safety. Additionally, the region has lost its unique cultural identity as a result of the standardization of agriculture.

In conclusion, the polder landscape in Taihu basin is facing three main problems: city invasion, water safety issues, and loss of cultural heritage. Compared to the civil engineering method to solve these challenges, landscape intervention costs much less, builds up a more adaptive and resilient system, and brings aesthetic experience as well. Therefore, how to learn from historical practice to protect precious cultural heritage while restoring the water resilience in the Taihu basin through landscape approaches is the key challenge. The landscape approaches start from the base layer like soil and water, helping to create a sustainable social-ecological system as well as being flexible enough to adapt to future challenges.

Tolerance is an essential tool of peaceful coexistence that allows diversity to flourish and a multicultural pluralist society to function. In times of globalisation, digitalisation, and polarization, it is becoming more critical than ever. Nevertheless, tolerance faces multiple issues. As a concept, it is being washed up, belittled, and critiqued either for its extensiveness or narrowness. Consequently, it became a vague notion, posing the question of what it means in contemporary society. Is it emotion, feeling, or attitude? How does it relate to other concepts of inclusivity and justice? In addition, even with an increasing amount of studies, there is still a gap in knowledge about the relationship between tolerance and space. It is still largely unknown how one associate with the other, what forces are affecting this link and how to use it to facilitate tolerance. Moreover, Kaunas, my hometown and choice as a case-study area, has very explicit issues regarding discriminatory but also changing attitudes, making it an optimal location to investigate (in)tolerance and conditions for it. Therefore in this paper I embark on a journey to study this concept, following the main research question: how can spatial and policy planning be used to foster more tolerant attitudes towards difference in everyday Kaunas?
Tolerance is subjective, partly non-representational, and unconscious. For this reason, I chose to use a mixed-methods explorative approach, combining comprehensive theoretical and empirical analyses. I consolidated spatial observations, institutional research, in-depth unstructured interviews, extensive literature and media review, and poetic investigation of artistic mediums. Through these methods, I integrated knowledge from a diverse range of disciplines, from psychology and philosophy to urban planning and architecture.
The fusion of multiple methods and disciplines allowed me to conclude on conceptual and spatial aspects of tolerance. By integrating tolerance into the affect theory, I argue that it is a process which, through encounter, transforms one state of being into another, meaning that tolerant attitudes are in constant flux. I transferred this new definition into the theoretical framework, which guided my empirical investigation in Kaunas. Based on unstructured interviews and an analysis of multiple cases, I uncovered a force affecting people’s attitudes in Lithuania – the Tolerance Event. It is a very active form of encounter that ruptures the passive status quo while at the same time addressing severe socio-cultural issues and allowing people to get to know diversity. Building on this theory, I propose multiple strategies as an example of how to use the Tolerance Event in Kaunas. They involve funding, policy, institutions, design, and planning proposals and are covered by one central vision – to become the Brave Tolerance City, Kaunas needs More Tolerance Events.

Exchanges between China and Africa involving political, economic, scientific and cultural aspects have a long history and are constantly updated according to the practical needs of both sides. The high degree of complementarity has led to China-Africa deepening cooperation, which has been accompanied by the emergence of new industrial clusters, the shift in the interest of new investors, and the movement of new immigrant groups. Nevertheless, differences in historical traditions, social culture, and religious beliefs between immigrant groups and native groups, as well as the possible inequalities in economic power and international discourse between the two sides, often lead to controversial ways of cooperation and negative interactions.

According to the current mode of China-Africa capacity cooperation, industrial parks, as the main spatial carrier, have become the main platform for cooperation between China and African countries. The volume of industrial parks and the impact they bring to the host countries are no longer limited to affecting local economic development as the scale of investment continues to expand, but in most studies, such foreign co-built industrial parks are still treated as an instrument, and the focus of relevant studies is mainly on their promotion of local industrialization. As an entity with economic, social, spatial, and governance attributes that occupies a large area, has a high construction intensity, and has intensive flows of elements, the integration, and interaction between industrial parks and local cities is a direction that can be explored with many new perspectives and strategies.

So the aim of this study is, to use the China Eastern Industry Zone(EIZ) in Ethiopia as a case, to explore integrated strategies to foster regional vitalization in Dukem, Ethiopia via an incremental approach. Firstly, through literature research, mapping and comparative analysis, it is found that the impact of the Eastern Industry Zone on local urbanization and industrialization has penetrated into various aspects of socio-economic, spatial and governance. And the challenges and difficulties at the current stage are complex and intertwined. Therefore on-site surveys and questionnaires were used to analyze the demands of different local groups for the construction and operation of the Eastern Industry Zone, thus establishing the core position of this study to consider industrial park projects as an external opportunity to promote endogenous local development.

Then, based on literature research, comparative analysis and statistical analysis, the local capacity is assessed in three dimensions: spatial, socioeconomic and governance. Through scenario analysis, a vision is proposed, followed by the planning process to delve further into four cross-scale strategic action plans for industrial parks as an active medium for local vitalization. Finally, by analyzing the bottom-up spatial patterns, local activities, and stakeholders in local industrial communities in Dukem, focusing on the interaction and interface between industrial space and urban space, design guidelines for industrial communities are proposed, which is applied to the unbuilt Phase Two area of the Eastern Industry Zone for design testing.

Rural migrants are being evicted from China’s metropolis. Urban villages used to be a refuge for rural migrants fleeing excessive living expenses, where they might find reasonable housing, social connections, and even work opportunities. However, as these villages are now being redeveloped mainly to create land revenues for local municipalities, rural migrants are being evicted and left vulnerable. This can also create vulnerabilities for the cities themselves. Despite the amount of literature on urban village development and redevelopment (Hao et al., 2013; Kochan, 2015; Lai et al., 2021; Li et al., 2014; Zhou, 2014), there is little research on the social problems, particularly problems for rural migrants, brought by current mode of redevelopment, which occurs frequently nowadays. This study aims to answer the question of how urban villages can be redeveloped to create socially resilient communities by using multiple methods, in both social and spatial aspects. The study aims to address the issue of urban village redevelopment in China's metropolises and its impact on rural migrants by proposing an alternative art-driven redevelopment strategy. A comprehensive solution package that includes urban design, policy recommendations, and participation strategies that take into account the social resilience of migrants will be developed. To do this, the study will first use methods such as stakeholder analysis and engagement, as well as spatial analysis and urban design at a community scale, using the case of Zanhualing Village as an example. The ultimate goal is to create a strategic plan for numerous urban villages across the city of Dongguan to create a more resilient city overall.

The main object of this study is the migrant laneway, which refers to the old community in the city center that attracts migrant workers because of its low rent and good location. This kind of community in urgent need of renewal contains three aspects: spatial, social and the process of renewal. This study regards these three aspects as the main line running through the whole research, and studies the current space situation, residents' life and the problems in the existing renewal process of migrant laneways.

Pattern language is the main analysis method and design tool of this research. By sorting out the patterns in the migrant laneway, these messy spaces are standardized. In addition, pattern language can be used to increase public engagement. This study introduces a new co-design toolkit: pattern buffet. This toolkit helps residents and designers co-design their communities. Work efficiency and program feasibility can be increased while public engagement is being added. More importantly, the result of this design with public engagement is more sustainable and inclusive.

At the social level, this study also proposes a soft strategy to help migrant workers better integrate into the city. The authors reskill these residents towards the opportunities found in a social trend: the senior care industry. While vacancies in the industry are being filled, migrant workers can get longer careers and higher wages to integrate into the city.

Therefore, this thesis develops an approach which enables the urban dilapidated areas to be regenerated in a co-design way. This regeneration framework is very new in the Chinese context. Pattern language, as the most important tool in this study, has been examined for its role and function. However, due to the epidemic, the pattern buffet part lacks practical operation, so the author cannot get feedback from the actual situation, which is also an aspect that this thesis can be further expanded.

The outbreak of the pandemic in 2020 took a huge toll on Wuhan. The community in metropolitan areas has played a key role in China's pandemic control as a key battleground for closed management and become the focus of society under the pandemic prevention and control.
However, its exposure of weak coping capacities makes building community resilience from an outbreak perspective urgent and critical. Besides, there are many inadequacies in the existing research on community resilience in China. Therefore, it is urgent and valuable to explore community resilience in the context of the Wuhan pandemic perspective.
This project aims to establish an integrated strategic framework to improve community resilience and achieve a liveable and smart urban environment in Wuhan in the long term.
This project is developed from the main research question: What can we learn from the Covid-19 response in Wuhan to enhance community resilience in the long term by adopting planning strategies?
Taking the community response in Wuhan under the pandemic as a departure point, this project explores a framework for increasing community resilience in the long term, using spatial planning, governance, and human capital as measures, and proposes a toolkit of corresponding strategies: including temporary planning, urban renewal, digital transition, and public engagement, hoping to realize a vision of a liveable and smart future.
Next, the Strategy Timeline provides an overview of four main stages with stage milestones, strategies, and key actions. Then the project-specific upgrading goes through four steps: deep analysis and data gathering, co-design, implementation, and evaluation. In the evaluation part, the rules guide the user to test the quality of the project by combining objective site-specific assessment and subject public feedback.
At last, a diverse range of typology sites are selected. Through local design, the community resilience schematic frameworks and strategy toolkit are examined on the ground.
In general, this project focuses on urban upgrading with the theme of community resilience, using the new crown as a starting point. It is hoped that it can give more insights for later studies, including the resilience evaluation framework, the strategy toolkit, and the mechanisms of community planning to design implementation.

Bangkok, the primary mega-city of Thailand, had once been driven by water-based development until car mobility was introduced. Since then, the development has been gradually shifted to land-based. The dispersed roads and highways stimulated the urban sprawl where suburban gated communities are built in the outskirts, inaccessible by public transportation, and encourage private motorization. To cope with the congestion, the government is developing public rail transport throughout the metropolitan area. However, the current market-driven development triggers the proliferation of urban gated communities around the emerging stations, resulting in transit-induced gentrification and leaving insufficient spaces for the public. Social segregation and unlivable environments posed by these unplanned phenomena need to be responded. Simultaneously, the water network is disregarded and home to the impoverished citizens, which hinders the performance of stormwater management in this flood-prone metropolis. Regardless of how extensive the network is, only a few
waterways are used for public transport. Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) is readjusting the land-use plan to align with the expansion of mobility networks, considering the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and Compact City. Since the concepts have been predominantly applied in the Global North, they need to be comprehensively studied to be adapted to Bangkok properly. This project investigates
Bangkok’s current spatial, social, and institutional conditions on multiple scales to seek the development potentialities. On the macro-scale, it proposes potential canals to be utilized for waterborne transport and prospective TOD locations. Ramkhamhaeng is selected
as the pilot project to apply patterns translated from the metropolitan-scale vision and strategy in four layers; enhancing collective and public space, integrated urban mobility, density configuration, and revitalizing water systems. On the micro-scale, design intervention showcases the contextualization of the principles and explores the built forms compromising to the surroundings. Lastly, to realize the project, it suggests the planning systems that engage all stakeholders to ensure the inclusive and efficient operation and implementation, which resulting in the aimed livable and socially diverse environments.

With the explosive growing population in Chengdu, the demand for urban drinking water is increasing, and the application of water conservation regulations is becoming more and more stringent. However, with the delineation of water source protection zones, villages and small counties in the upper reaches of Chengdu have been affected a lot.
The upstream of Chengdu, which is part of the Dujiangyan irrigation area, is the typical western Sichuan style village with its vernacular wisdom of living with water. But now they are expected to leave and move into a collective community with fixed reimbursement due to the water source protection policy. Local small industries and livestock raising are no longer allowed, and agricultural production is also restricted due to the risk of water pollution. A similar development limitation has a great impact on small counties as well. Besides the economic loss, the authentic lifestyle that carries water culture has also suffered the loss. Metropolis gains priority on water and the indigenous people are sacrificed. And this water injustice issue is even exacerbated when the new modernized neighborhood came since the informal development is intolerant by the government.
Therefore, this research will explain the conceptualization of water justice and the key elements in this specific local urbanization context. Through the analysis of the impact by water extraction infrastructure, the tangible water value, the virtual value of water, and the cultural preservation, measuring the expulsion of this water project and the livelihood of the locals. Then clarifying the multiple-layer influence of the water conservation interventions in this irrigation area and emphasizing the importance of water justice especially for the indigenous people with the social survey, literature review, and comparison of other villages. And scenario testing of different possible new development in the perspective of different priorities to find a balanced solution for both sides.
This research is aiming to engage flexible water conservation policies with the methods of tax reimbursement and local empowerment, explore a win-win way of both the water use cities and water source districts. And for this specific case, find out a sustainable development way with a comprehensive consideration for vulnerable groups which allows them to keep their positive way of living while doing the water conservancy.

Guangzhou is one of the biggest cities in China, and it is located in Pearl River Delta, which has a vulnerable natural environment. In history, the development of Guangzhou city was inseparable from its canal system, which was developed from the natural dense river network. On the one hand, this system had played its role in water management very well. It could quickly discharge rainwater into the Pearl River during the rainy season to prevent floods, and it could also function in water storage during the dry season. On the other hand, the canals were also an important part of people's daily life. It carried most of the people's main activities, such as sailing, trade, and socializing. The historic canal system was the lifeline of Guangzhou. However, in the rapid development of the city in the past 100 years, due to the rise of the automobile road system and the improper planning of the drainage system, the historic canals in Guangzhou have gradually left only a single drainage function. Different kinds of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater are discharged into the canals, causing the canals and the surrounding environment to become bad; at the same time, the river is narrowed and the drainage function has deteriorated. In the rainy season, the surrounding area of the river is often flooded. The historic canals have gradually become the backside of the city, the disease of the city.
In recent years, the government has begun a series of restoration projects for historic canals. However, these projects just aimed to copy-paste the historic scenes to attract tourism and did not pay attention to the historic canal itself and the surrounding communities. As a landscape designer, how the historic canals worked with the city in history has greatly fascinated me, and I have concluded design principles from it, seeking their possibilities in the current situation. This project is not about restoring the canals, is about learning from the history, and designing the historic canal system of Guangzhou as urban landscape infrastructure.

In China, the phenomenon of informal settlements is a consequence of rapid urbanization. Since the 1980s, the construction of labor-intensive industries has accelerated the expansion of urban areas. Numerous traditional villages in suburban areas were surrounded by newly built urban areas and became the so-called “urban village”. People in the urban villages could no longer earn from agriculture as their farmlands had mostly been requisitioned, while luckily the increasing housing demand of migrants enabled them to earn from rental. The villages are empowered to elect village committees and self-organization for public issues, while there are still a lot of things that are difficult to manage by villagers without official guidelines and investment. Many villages lack public services and public spaces, suffer from living unsafety, and social segregation. A policy was carried out in 2009 for regenerating the old towns, old factories, and old villages in the city, in which the urban village is part of the focus. However, currently, the market-led redevelopment approach did not work well on balancing the interest among different stakeholders, for which the housing demand of migrants is always ignored. Some projects even led to gentrification in the city center. Here the thesis aims to explore strategies for upgrading the living environment and mitigating social segregation in urban villages. It reveals the current challenges and potentials of redeveloping urban villages in Guangzhou. Finally, spatial and managerial strategies are given to improve the livability and enhance social integration between locals and migrants in the redevelopment process.

Currently, there is a growing gap between theory and practice in urban and architecture fields, that requires dialogue on multiple fronts, scales, and new perspectives. Bridging this gap and achieving a successful transition to a new era. In which theory and practice must work together cohesively creating new methods, models, new points of interest, new forms of professional practice and a new vision. The concept of Open Society is chosen due to the similarities of the situation between today and then (1960s), such as: housing shortage, polarization of discourse and reduction of plurality, increase in social inequality and large global migrations. For this reason, it was decided to study this concept and its projects as the starting point and symbolic break of this long investigation of the modernist project and its attempt to bridge theory and practice. The concept of Open Society appeared in the field of urbanism between the 50-60s, the Welfare State, as an attempt to improve living conditions in the city so that society would prosper. These good intentions did not translate into many success stories and the consequences of these operations continue to cause problems today, as can be seen from the current multiple crises (social, economic, environmental, etc.).
Today there are new approaches to the built environment, which allow or offer us new possibilities to reinterpret the concept of Open Society, something of great importance still in contemporary urban discourse. For this reason, this study proposes to carry out a double investigation on the concept of Open Society (both empirical and conceptual) that will provide knowledge about this concept in two Western European countries. This will help to build a network of knowledge around topics of interest in urban matters. This research aims to investigate and analyze the discursive and projective validity of the concept of Open Society today, the relation between concepts-realities (places), and a critical methodology (open framework) that engages between theory and practice in a continuous dialogue as follows:
-Critically review the concept in the theoretical framework and contemporary global policy frameworks (new urban agenda, theoretical critiques, technical code, etc.).
-Empirically review two case studies that illustrate the implementation of this concept, the phenomena and patterns that have arisen in the friction between the place, the ideals (concept) and the resistance generated by the users.
This research uses a mixed methods approach to examine these two case studies and draw conclusions, and also reflect on the principles and possible unlocking mechanisms. In this way, we generate a discursive break towards a new vision of this concept, which advocates a diverse, inclusive, fair and cohesive ecological societies.

The advent of steamship in the 19th century is accompanying with the Chinese immigration. Chinese seamen gathered around the dockland at a certain scale and formed Chinese quarters. Therefore, Chinatowns appeared in many harbour cities in European countries. With the urban development and migrant shifts within the recent one hundred years, Chinatowns transformed many times regarding their recognitions, urban roles and functions. However, Chinatowns seem to decline universally. The stereotypic manifestation and commodification have gradually erased the social meaning as an ‘ethnic core’, and the ‘voluntaristic way’ to accommodate difference (Peach, 1996). Based on literatures, this thesis defined the spatial dimensions and social constriction of Chinatowns, as well as the concept of integration and authenticity, analysed contextualised problems of Chinatown in Amsterdam, and thereby to reconfigure Chinatown in Amsterdam through the socio-spatial strategies.

This graduation project has been executed in the studio of Heritage & Architecture at the TU Delft. The context of the project is that of the Hembrug terrain, a former military production site in between the cities of Amsterdam and Zaandam. The overhauling title of the graduation project is ‘Revitalizing Heritage’, aiming at giving the Hembrug area a second lease of life.For this project, the vast terrain was split up in numerous ensembles, the choice for this project ended up being Campus South. This was grounded by the sensation given during the first site visit, Campus South was dynamic and open. Also, the play of light and shadow caressing the weathered interior walls gave the area a great industrial sensation full of potential. This part of the Hembrug terrain is located in the most southwestern corner, close to the North Sea Canal. The ensemble counts a total of 6 buildings, among which 4 of them are monuments. The project will aim at revitalizing the area, which implies (among other things) that it will be suited to host a new program and that it will strive for sustainable usage in the future. The buildings that are covered in this project are the so-called ‘Harderij’ and ‘Ketelcentrale’. The revitalization of these structures needs to be done while also maintaining the existing characteristics and atmosphere. Within the field of heritage, some factors are of great importance. Three important ones are Cultural Value, Design, and Technology. As a student, you have to be able to find a balance between these notions. Nowadays some buildings on the ensemble are vacant, while others are hosting entrepreneurs. The fact that the buildings are already there, and that they have their own unique atmosphere, is something wonderous about heritage. The Hembrug terrain has been bought by an investor, who is planning to revitalize this former secluded area and to open it to the public. The plans to do the latter have already commenced with the project of OMA (among others), who are redesigning the bullet factory into a museum and hotel. Mainly focused on the terrain's visitors it seems, but the investor also intends to give way to a thousand dwellings to be built. With the OMA project in the east and Campus South on the western side of the terrain, the latter should focus on facilitating this new ‘Hembrugian community’. Creating communal facilities for the future inhabitants of Hembrug. The campuses are a natural gathering space for people and will function as such in the future, where the former distributing factory buildings in Campus South will get a second life by hosting communal facilities for the people of Hembrug:- A modern concept of a library with working spaces and offices in the Ketelcentrale;- A food market and a bar in the Harderij.Campus South will be a space where people can come together, work, study or recreate. A place that works as a center of the new Hembrugian community.

Has the pandemic transformed our working environment into a digital panopticon, and how close is this idea to the one of Bentham's panopticon described in Foucault's book "Discipline and Punish, the birth of the prison"?
This research paper compares the modern smart-working environment and the digitalization of our social interaction with the prison designed by Bentham. Even if most of the similarities can be found on the conceptual level, analyzing and reflecting on analogies in the spatial correspondences became increasingly relevant.

The Hembrug area was known as AI (Artillerie Inrichtingen) located within the defense line of Amsterdam since 1895. It was composed of 3 factories that function in separated zones and each of them has diverse building typologies. The layout of the AI was changed with the development and transition of Hembrug military industrial. Nowadays, as an essential part of Dutch military history tends to be redeveloped with its recognizable cultural-historical character. In the first phase, many buildings were renovated and transformed to cultural, creative destination and so on. The graduation studio ‘Hembrug Peninsula’ is trying to find the potential and identity for Hembrug, focusing on how contemporary and future demands for a prosperous city life can be translated into appropriate interventions. Each of us choose an ensemble, including a couple of small scale of buildings, and approaches research and design on the level of ensemble planning and building transformation. The title of my project is called “Art Campus North”. The project topic rise from the observation on site where temporary art events and festival happened in Campus North. my project aims to contribute to the inherent structure of Zaanstad’s art field. Hopefully, it could complement the cultural facilities in city center and create a more integral structure in exhibition field for Zaanstad, especially in Visual arts and performing events. The interaction with professional artists and youth and art amateur offers an active, richer way to acquire inspiration and creation. Consequently, the project tries to form a cultural ecosystem that balance the private space and public space for artists, youth and art amateur.

Climate change is the defining crisis of the 21st century. While increasingly there are efforts being made globally to spread awareness about the impact of human activities on the natural environment, the talks on the direct impact of the change on the human are still nascent. There are an increasing number of people who are losing their land, livelihoods and basic access to food and potable water due to the adverse effects of climate change. In an attempt to survive these people have no option but to seek sanctuary in nearby settlements (Myers, 1997). A rough prediction of 200 million climate induced migrants by the end of the century has brought this issue to the forefront and is being termed as the ‘human face of climate change’ (Myers, 1997). Caught in a ‘negative vulnerability cycle’ (illustrated in Figure 1) the displaced population lacks visibility, recognition and even a basic definitive category which makes it impossible for them to seek refuge or get national or international aid. Their migration is usually termed as ‘economic’ in nature and classified as an act of desire rather than survival. This research aims to establish this definitive category through a review of scientific literature. Further it highlights the social, economic and spatial injustice faced by the environmentally displaced people and investigates the role of spatial planning, strategy and good governance as a tool to address the issue. Using methodologies like case studies, field trip, deductive mapping, data and comparative policy analysis, the research presents a strategic framework to socio-spatially and economically accommodate the EDP’s. The strategy uses the ongoing and future migration for the socio-economic benefit of the sending and receiving regions. It aims to generate a sustainable livelihood pattern for the affected to enhance their climate-resilience as well as trigger their growth. It presents migration as an adaptive strategy for the affected population and focuses on community-based initiatives and self-organisation as central concepts. The research constructs and tests this framework in the context of the cross-border region of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (GBD). Being the largest and one of the most densely populated deltas in the world, it has been experiencing the impact of climate induced migration for decades. Further, the displacement of 40 million people by 2050, has been estimated.

In the past four decades, China’s reform and opening up has made the country increasingly connected to the process of globalization. And as globalization continues to evolve, more and more people and other elements are beginning to participate in this process. Therefore, a large number of foreigners, especially some individuals and small merchants (Fig.1), come to this once closed country to find job and business opportunities (Fang & Liang, 2010). Due to the needs of work and business characteristics, many of them choose to long or short live in some Chinese cities. Some foreigners-inhabited areas have begun to appear in Chinese cities like Korea town in Beijing and African enclaves in Guangzhou in the recent 20 years which lead to a certain degree of ethnic residential differentiation and social segregation (Zhao & An, 2017). In addition, their settlement and informal business are also facing the challenges from the process of urbanization. Therefore, the author will conduct a theoretical research of this phenomenon in the graduation project, and meanwhile select the African enclaves in Guangzhou as a case for empirical research. What are their living conditions and what specific challenges are they facing? How should cities protect them and improve the quality of their living environment? Therefore, the focus of this study will be exploring how to make these foreigners better stay, live and participate in local social life that based on understanding the status quo and the needs of stakeholders. Using the community and urban space they live in and emerge as the carrier, it will have a specific spatial implementation design for these urban spaces from the perspective of urban regeneration. In the end, a series of plans and designs will put together to make a new urban regeneration method that could be applied to other Chinese cities with the same problems for attracting more foreigners to settle in China and integrate well into the local social environment.