Bangkok, the primary mega-city of Thailand, had once been driven by water-based development until car mobility was introduced. Since then, the development has been gradually shifted to land-based. The dispersed roads and highways stimulated the urban sprawl where suburban gated communities are built in the outskirts, inaccessible by public transportation, and encourage private motorization. To cope with the congestion, the government is developing public rail transport throughout the metropolitan area. However, the current market-driven development triggers the proliferation of urban gated communities around the emerging stations, resulting in transit-induced gentrification and leaving insufficient spaces for the public. Social segregation and unlivable environments posed by these unplanned phenomena need to be responded. Simultaneously, the water network is disregarded and home to the impoverished citizens, which hinders the performance of stormwater management in this flood-prone metropolis. Regardless of how extensive the network is, only a few
waterways are used for public transport. Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) is readjusting the land-use plan to align with the expansion of mobility networks, considering the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and Compact City. Since the concepts have been predominantly applied in the Global North, they need to be comprehensively studied to be adapted to Bangkok properly. This project investigates
Bangkok’s current spatial, social, and institutional conditions on multiple scales to seek the development potentialities. On the macro-scale, it proposes potential canals to be utilized for waterborne transport and prospective TOD locations. Ramkhamhaeng is selected
as the pilot project to apply patterns translated from the metropolitan-scale vision and strategy in four layers; enhancing collective and public space, integrated urban mobility, density configuration, and revitalizing water systems. On the micro-scale, design intervention showcases the contextualization of the principles and explores the built forms compromising to the surroundings. Lastly, to realize the project, it suggests the planning systems that engage all stakeholders to ensure the inclusive and efficient operation and implementation, which resulting in the aimed livable and socially diverse environments.

Economy and technological innovation have always shaped the Dutch landscape and society. The evolution of the Internet has led to a new economy based on digital information and communication. New production, consumption and business models are mushrooming, especially in the Province of South-Holland. This fast development is facilitated by the massive exploitation of construction materials, energy and data flows. The data sector has a high energy demand, which is even surpassing the CO2-emission of the aviation and shipping industry. The flows that support the sector are linear, consuming a lot of energy and producing a lot of waste, because construction materials and infrastructures have a short life-span. The Province of South-Holland aims to be circular in 2050. Thus, addressing the challenges that this new economy poses on the region need to be prioritized. The strategic and integrated development of the digital economy into the (urban) fabric of South-Holland functions as a catalyst for the circular Province. The goal will be reached by proposing a strategy consisting of a spatial development framework, stakeholder action plan, phasing and scenarios, policy guidelines and a typology toolbox. This strategic report explores how a connected and resilient datascape in South-Holland can be created/developed while preserving the global value and increasing the local value. For the strategic and integrated development of the digital economy into the (urban) fabric of South-Holland, data hubs as a platform for awareness, participation and knowledge exchange are proposed. These platforms will either function as a creator or a transformer of the local environment, while preserving the global position of the region. The development of these datascapes is circular, (energy-) efficient and creates value throughout the different scales. This will form the base of a sustainable and resilient circular economy in the Province. In this strategy, the flows of construction materials, energy and data are optimized from linear flows to circular cycles.