H. van der Graaf
19 records found
1
Authored
The Rasnik 3-point alignment system, widely applied in particle physics experiments and in the instrumentation of gravitational wave experiments, can be used as N-point alignment system by'leap frog' N individual 3-point systems. The conceptual implementation of Rasnik chains ...
The Rasnik system is a 3-point optical displacement monitor with sub-nanometer precision. The CCD-Rasnik alignment system was developed in 1993 for monitoring the alignment of the muon chambers of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer at CERN. Since then, the development has continued a ...
Large-area transmission dynodes were fabricated by depositing an ultra-thin continuous film on a silicon wafer with a 3-dimensional pattern. After removing the silicon, a corrugated membrane with enhanced mechanical properties was formed. Mechanical metamaterials, such as this ...
The effect of doping in Si3N4 membranes on the secondary electron yield is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations of the electron-matter interactions. The effect of the concentration and the distribution of the doping in silicon rich silicon nitride membranes is studied by ...
In this work we have developed a prototype gaseous pixel detector by combining a micromegas grid with a Timepix3 chip for the readout. The micromegas foil supported by a matrix of pillars about 50 μm high was manually placed on top the chip. By placing a cathode foil above the ...
The Rasnik alignment system was developed initially in 1983 for the monitoring of the alignment of the muon chambers of the L3 Muon Spectrometer at CERN. Since then, the development has continued as new opto-electronic components become available. Rasnik systems are ...
This study reports on the secondary electron emission (SEE) performance of atomic layer deposited MgO films, with thicknesses in the range from 5 to 25 nm, for the application in the Timed Photon Counter. In this novel, photodetector MgO is utilized as a material for the fabri ...
In this paper we demonstrate the fabrication of large arrays of ultrathin freestanding membranes (tynodes) for application in a timed photon counter (TiPC), a novel photomultiplier for single electron detection. Low pressure chemical vapour deposited silicon nitride (Si x ...
The Tynode
A new vacuum electron multiplier
By placing, in vacuum, a stack of transmission dynodes (tynodes) on top of a CMOS pixel chip, a single free electron detector could be made with outstanding performance in terms of spatial and time resolution. The essential object is the tynode: an ultra thin membrane, which e ...
In this work we demonstrate how a novel single free electron detector 'Timed Photon Counter' (TiPC) may benefit from ultra-thin MgO transmission dynodes (tynodes). These membranes are fabricated through MEMS process technologies, with atomic layer deposition (ALD) as the most ...
Secondary electron emission materials are reviewed with the aim of providing guidelines for the future development of novel transmission dynodes. Materials with reflection secondary electron yield higher than three and transmission secondary electron yield higher than one are ...