Secondary electron emission materials for transmission dynodes in novel photomultipliers

A review

Journal article (2016)

Authors

Shu Xia Tao Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Eindhoven University of Technology
H.W. Chan Electronic Components, Technology and Materials - EEMCS , Nikhef
H. van der Graaf Nikhef, RST/Neutron and Positron Methods in Materials - AS
Research Group
Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (EEMCS) (TU Delft)
Copyright: © 2016 Shu Xia Tao, H.W. Chan, H. van der Graaf
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9121017
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Published Date

16-12-2016

Language

English

Faculty

Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science

Department

Microelectronics

Research Group

Electronic Components, Technology and Materials

Abstract

Secondary electron emission materials are reviewed with the aim of providing guidelines for the future development of novel transmission dynodes. Materials with reflection secondary electron yield higher than three and transmission secondary electron yield higher than one are tabulated for easy reference. Generations of transmission dynodes are listed in the order of the invention time with a special focus on the most recent atomic-layer-deposition synthesized transmission dynodes. Based on the knowledge gained from the survey of secondary election emission materials with high secondary electron yield, an outlook of possible improvements upon the state-of-the-art transmission dynodes is provided.