The authors regret an error in the abstract of the published article: the text ‘‘(i) the Schottky emission mechanism at a low reverse voltage (0–1 V) before the current is fully turned on.’’ should be changed to ‘‘(i) the Schottky emission mechanism at a low reverse voltage (0 to 1 V) before the current is fully turned on.’’ This change does not affect the main conclusions of the manuscript. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.

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Outdoor physical activities can promote public health and they are largely influenced by the built environment in different urban settings. Understanding the association between outdoor physical activities and the built environment is important for promoting a high quality of life. Existing studies typically focus on one type of outdoor activity using interview-based small samples and are often lack of systematic understanding of the activities' intensity and frequency. In this study, we intend to gain deeper insight into how the built environment influences physical activities using the data extracted from individual's wearables and other open data sources for integrated analysis. Multi-linear regression with logarithm transformation is applied to perform the analysis using the data from Changsha, China. We found that built environment impacts on outdoor physical activities in Changsha are not always consistent with similar studies' results in other cities. The most effective measures to promote outdoor physical activities are the provision of good arterial and secondary road networks, community parks, among others in Changsha. The results shed light on future urban planning practices in terms of promoting public health@en

Recent research focusing on wide-bandgap and two-dimensional materials with a Schottky junction has provided a new concept for ultraviolet photodetectors. However, the working mechanism of the Schottky junction-based detector varies depending on the photosensitive materials used and the device structure. We demonstrated a TiO₂/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure-based photodetector with a Schottky junction, integrating an ultraviolet photosensitive TiO₂ nanolayer, a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) field effect transistor, and a metal-semiconductor Schottky diode. The spectral response wavelength region of the detector is 200-365 nm and the peak responsivity is 37.396 A W⁻¹ at −5 V bias under 240 nm UV illumination, respectively. Meanwhile, a peak photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) of 5.1 × 10² at −2 V bias voltage was observed under 274 nm UV irradiation. This Schottky-based 2DEG heterostructure detector can realize three dominant working principles: (i) the Schottky emission mechanism at a low reverse voltage (0-1 V) before the current is fully turned on, (ii) the Poole-Frenkel emission mechanism at a medium reverse voltage (−1 to −2 V) with peak PDCR, and (iii) the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling mechanism at a high reverse voltage (>−2 V) with a high responsivity. Continuous cycle response measurement results indicate that the detectors have good response repeatability and reliability. The characteristics of response wavelength, responsivity, and stability show that the detector can be used for several commercial applications, including sunscreen UV monitoring and LED sterilization light source detection.

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This study addresses students’ perceptions of using urban green spaces (UGSs) after the easing of COVID-19 lockdown in China. We questioned whether they are still mindful of the risks from the outdoor gathering, or conversely, starting to learn the restoration benefits from the green spaces. Online self-reported surveys were distributed to the Chinese students aging from 14 to 30 who study in Hunan and Jiangsu Provinces, China. We finally obtained 608 complete and valid questionnaire forms from all participants. Their intentions of visiting UGSs were investigated based on the extended theory of planned behavior model. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized psychological model. The results have shown good estimation performance on risk perception and perceived knowledge to explain the variances in their attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavior control. Among these three endogenous variables, the perceived behavior control owns the greatest and positive influence on the behavioral intention, inferring that controllability is crucial for students to make decisions of visiting green spaces in a post-pandemic context.@en

The research of comfort in urban public spaces has become increasingly important for improving environmental quality and encouraging people spend more time in outdoor activities. Among numerous approaches to understand comfort perception, the rational indices based on heat balance theory have prevailed to guide the research and practice in urban planning, design, and management. The limitations of a solely rational index-based approach reveal the necessity for a more comprehensive understanding of comfort by considering a wider range of influential factors from both individual and environmental perspectives during the assessing process. This study conceptualizes individuals’ comfort in urban public spaces as a latent construct, which is measured by indicators regarding perceptions on multifarious meteorological variables. The conceptual framework has been introduced involving hypothetical relationships among individuals’ comfort, attitudes, and environmental perceptions in urban public spaces. A series of field work including microclimate measurements and questionnaire-based surveys were carried out in two public squares in Changsha, China. Based on the dataset derived from 372 questionnaires and related meteorological measurements, this paper examines the relationships between the physical microclimatic variables, individuals’ socio-demographical characteristics and environmental attitudes and perceptions, and outdoor comfort assessment. The estimation results of the structural equation model quantitatively verified the conceptual framework at large, as many hypothetical relationships are identified, which indicates the importance of individuals’ role and the psychological factors in modeling comfort perception. This approach improves the understanding of comfort assessment, contributes to improving the quality of urban environment and the practices of urban planning and management.@en