This research aims to encourage healthy behaviour within the built environment using a technique called nudging. Mostly used outside of the field of architecture, nudging aims to improve health by presenting options in such a way people a more likely to choose one option (a healthier alternative), without losing any freedom of choice.

To allow architects and urban designers to improve user health a framework was developed that proposes design elements. These elements aim to improve health by promoting healthy social, mental and physical behaviour. Examples are healthy food options, signage towards staircases instead of elevators, communal spaces, materiality and much more.

The graduation design explored how user health within architecture can be promoted using the proposed framework. The design project itself focuses not only on improving mental, social and physical health for the inhabitants but also on how a building can be valuable as a health centre in it's neighborhood. This is done whitin an existing context of a rehabilitation clinic in Amsterdam West.

The Dutch coast is facing many changes shortly to keep up with the increase in tourism, wind farms, housing, and sea-level rise. To preserve the coastal place-identity under these changes, it is important to research what elements constitute the place-identity of the Holland Coast. Place-Identity, in this paper, is defned as a combination of landscape features, build features and the space these feature result in. The history of the landscape is described. The history of coastal settlements is explored along defning moments that impact how these places look today and the type of buildings that came to be. Through
analysis of historic and present-day photos, the architectural identity is formulated, based on three themes. Firstly, the positioning in the landscape, secondly an elaboration on the transition between inside and outside, and thirdly a focus on materials that come from nature, like wood and brick, materials that show natural forces, like textiles, and bright colours and reflect the abundance of sunlight associated with the coast. This theory is validated by seeing these elements protected by the aesthetics regulations (Welstands normen) of several municipalities.

Out of a fascination for building with wood straw and clay a design for a workshop for teaching to build with natural materials has been made. Research has been done on traditional Dutch wood frames and the building skin out of wood, reed and straw.
The design outcome is a complex of buildings in the Brettenzone, that is built from materials of the local forest only.

Today, our world is in crisis. No single part of the world can withstand the destructive effects of climate change. So it’s time for action! Rethinking the future presents a blueprint for a new way of life that maximizes the density of a city while creating the highest quality of life for it’s citizens. A new way of life with the smallest carbon footprint possible; that improves mental health; that is affordable for all; and that offers ultimate freedom. By envisioning the world as a network of interconnected communities, the inhabitants are encouraged to travel around the world and to explore the beauty of our planet. In order to realize these communities, Rethinking the Future proposes both a timetable and a toolkit - the latter consisting of dwellings, shared facilities and elements for self-sufficiency.

This graduation arises from the urgent need to revitalize a problematic post-war neighbourhood in Amsterdam-West. There is a lack of places for residents to connect with each other and with their built environment. The zones between the private and public domain, the transition zones of the ‘General Expansion Plan’ aren’t enabling or encouraging residents to appropriate, modify or participate in them. This graduation focusses on finding out what conditions enable the use of and give quality to the transition zones and will be the starting point for revitalizing a neighbourhood. The design question was: ‘How could the design of new transitional zones between the private and public domain of the infill, support and tissue level, enable and encourage appropriation, modification and participation in the Lodewijk van Deysselbuurt, in order to improve the solidarity between current and new residents and their attachment with the built environment?’ The research was oriented towards Open Building projects. The focus was on the participation of residents on various levels of the design process and the measures that are integrated to enable residents to change parts of the building to their preferences and also the process of enabling this and processing it up till today. How were the residents involved in the design process and after the completion? Did the residents make use of this possibility to change? And how was this managed? The research question was: ‘How is the Open Building concept over time enabling and encouraging residents to appropriate, modify and participate in the transition zones of the support and tissue level?’ The result of the research paper together with a project site analyses created conditions for the design phase. The relation between research and design can be found in the physical and non-physical elaboration of the project. The outcome of the research created both physical and non-physical conditions to use in future Open Building projects, of which this project is one. The translation was done by relating it to the specific site. The conditions for transition zones of future Open Building projects are: 1. Create predestined transition zones with pre-designed frameworks that are subject to policy. 2. Early involvement and participation on multiple levels will clarify ones responsibilities and possibilities within that framework. 3. Communication between owners, users and committees lead to a shared valuation and affinity of collectiveness. This will result in a balance between privacy and interaction that origins from the users themselves. My role as an architect was to create a framework with boundaries and regulations in which users can participate, appropriate and modify. A framework is, a space or zone, in which regulations, rules for certain actors and factors apply. At the same time it is important to give freedom to the users, but also create a coherency for the building and its community. Four different zones can be distinguished: the collective, circulation, entrance and outdoor spaces. These spaces are housed in a basic wooden construction. To visualize the responsibilities and possibilities of the various actors related to the various phases of a project, from the pre-design up to the future, a scheme was created.

Classical music oftenly is associated as boring, muddy; as an activity for the older people. Eventually this older generation will be gone for good, leaving even less pubic than it now has. As this problem grows the relationship between classical music and the public shifts. The lack of connection becomes more obvious, making it more and more distant. Through the case study of the concert building De Doelen in Rotterdam, a design study with the concept of the "promenade architecturale" is held to explore the insights on how to revitalize this subculture by making connection with the public on many different levels. In order to also design an acoustic well-functioning concert hall, a research paper is written about the architectural interventions in optimizing the acoustic aspects of a concert hall.

Since the dawn of the early twentieth century, there has been a strong emphasis in the architectural discourse on defining an idea of how a building is intended to be used. This has resulted in a tendency in contemporary architectural practice of capturing the use of a building in a strictly defined programme. This programme is an illusion however: the ‘use’ of a building is not something which is definitive, but instead organic. In modern society, demands of users and owners constantly change. A building defined by its programme will lose its raison d’etre and in some cases ends up being demolished. This practice is not by any means sustainable, as it is a waste of resources and capital. Moreover, these continuous acts of building and demolishing also negatively impact the development of a consistent urban form: if architectural elements survive a few generations, they become more organic and picturesque. The architecture becomes embedded in the context and defines its identity.
The project questions the relation between the building and its use. The research investigates a series of buildings which have accommodated multiple functions throughout their existence. The findings of this research were implemented and tested in an architectural project in the Vierhavens-area in Rotterdam. The main objective of the project was to produce a building that can accommodate a range of uses: a framework which offers possibility for adjustments and which can be reinterpreted by its users. A structure changing over time, embedded in its context, lived instead of consumed. Sustainable by its longevity.
The project questions the relation between the building and its use. The research investigates a series of buildings which have accommodated multiple functions throughout their existence. The findings of this research were implemented and tested in an architectural project in the Vierhavens-area in Rotterdam. The main objective of the project was to produce a building that can accommodate a range of uses: a framework which offers possibility for adjustments and which can be reinterpreted by its users. A structure changing over time, embedded in its context, lived instead of consumed. Sustainable by its longevity.

People share a deep-seated need for a 'sense of home'. It is an intangible, psychological and sociological need that is projected on, and connected to the Built Environment (Rennels & Purnell, 2017; Dovey, 1985). Many people in western societies meet their 'sense of home' through traditional housing. Yet, there is a small marginalized group of homeless people whom are unable to do so. Many suffer from severe physical and mental health diseases, which makes it even more challenging to maintain a stable life. Dutch policymakers provide shelters to assist those in need, but these accommodations do not positively affect the well-being of the homeless. In addition, many shelters fail to facilitate the wish of homeless people of dying in the shelter (Klop et al., 2018).

Therefore, the aim of this research is to redefine shelter design so to improve the mental well-being of homeless people. This, by learning lessons from psycho-supportive design approaches in the healthcare environment. Hence, the main question in this research is: ‘Which architectural elements in the care environment have a positive effect on the (mental) well-being of homeless (terminal) people with chronic mental health problems?’.
The above question is answered by means of literature studies, case study analysis and fieldwork. From the results, several spatial-design components have been extracted and categorized into problems and solutions concerning the theoretical themes of: stigma; security; sensorial stimulation and environmental experience.

The results showed that privacy, daylight entrance, access to nature and social integration are the four main elements that positively improve one’s (mental or physical) well-being. Additional spatial-design components have been summarized into four conclusive Evidence-Based-Design guidelines and crucial design factors which may be applied on both urban and building scale. When all four guidelines are considered in the architectural design of shelters, the best mental health outcomes are achieved.
As the issue of homelessness is not yet solved and the number of people with complex care needs increase, the Netherlands is in desperate need of more assisted and affordable housing. With this research architects, urban planners and developers are encouraged to enter the discourse of homelessness. Moreover, they are stimulated to use the Evidence-Based Toolkit into the design process of new homeless shelters.

This master graduation project presents an exciting vision of a better built environment for affordable housing in The Netherlands and abroad for many generations to come.

Established industrial manufacturing methods combined with parametric design have the potential to disrupt the conventional design-to-manufacturing processes in the building industry. Currently factors such as increasing cost of labor, stagnated productivity per employee and highly fragmented design-to-manufacturing processes in the building industry have not proved to be fruitful influences for the mass production of customizable buildings. Moreover, in order to become sustainable the building industry has to make a drastic shift towards renewable materials and integrate a high level of modularity.

With market fit solutions by product thinking a wide variety of parametrically engineered housing options can be offered to the customer without having to enter the entire iterative process of design and engineering. This strategy also allows to finally integrate a high level of robotization in off-site manufacturing facilities.

In 2017 the island Sint Maarten was hit by hurricane Irma. Approximately ninety-one per cent of the build environment was damaged. This made the existing housing shortage, caused by a growing population, even more significant. Now, three years later, the residential area of Philipsburg is mostly deserted. With the departure of its residents, the sense of community in the neighbourhood also vanished. Throughout history the island is connected to natural disasters. To rebuild after a natural disaster, self-building was commonly used within the local building culture. However, this tradition disappeared in the last three decades. This research is looking into opportunities to reintroduce a form of organized self-help housing (OSHH), to contribute to the answer against the housing shortage and turn this district of Philipsburg into a lively neighbourhood again. Within OSHH the community have to build themselves, so residents need to have time to realize the project. Unfortunately, this is not the way things are done on the island, so the project will not be accomplished. A possible solution is found in the bottom-up approach of a Collective Private Commissioning (CPO). The design objective during this project is to examine whether urban densification is an opportunity to meet the demand for extra housing. This is often accompanied by extra paved surface which can provoke the heat island effect. Due to the hot climate and the urbanization, residents prefer to stay in their homes with the air-conditioning on. Within this project the goal is to reduce heat accumulation and stimulate the outdoor life. This combination can reintroduce and encourage the social interaction and strengthen the sense of community on Philipsburg.

Despite the museum playing a central role in society as public centre of collective memory, artefacts are dogmatically presented in highly introverted "white cubes". In response, the Leiden Civic Museum relies on a strong relationship between "content" and "context" in order to both reassure its collection of societal relevance, as well as to offer visitors a more stimulating museum experience.

Death is universal, but the way we deal with it is diverse and ever changing. For a period of time there was a taboo around death in the Netherlands. Nowadays we live in an accelerating individualistic society which means that there is no space/ time to reflect on loss. Gradually, specialists as well as nabestaanden discover that this can lead to mental health problems. Unprocessed sadness can have consequences. To break the taboo it is important that death becomes negotiable again. Het nabestaandenhuis is a place where nabestaanden/ relatives are helped, enabling them to develop the power to cope with loss. This research report examines the demand for the new function het nabestaandenhuis and the architectural wishes for het nabestaandenhuis. Through interviews with experienced people working in the mourn care, the demand for het nabestaandenhuis was confirmed. The case studies and the interviews together led to four architectural themes; transition, repetition, orientation and temptation that will be included in the design of het nabestaandenhuis. 

Historically, cities have played a major role in integrating newcomers into society. And in turn, many cities- including Amsterdam- have been shaped by migration. The conditions in neighborhoods in which many newcomers currently arrive do not offer the same flexibility. The graduation project proposes a strategy for the creation of inclusive living and working environments that can facilitate the integration of newcomers in the long term. The project aim was to develop a systematic to convert an exemplary urban setting under the scenario of a high influx of newcomers as a result of the devastating effects of climate change of newcomers. It explores the role of architecture and the built environment within the home-making process of newcomers. The centrally located semi-industrial area of Landlust is seen as an exemplary urban setting and is intended to explore strategies for densification and urban renewal in order to overcome the current difficulties that cities experience in adapting to the needs of their current and future dwellers. The area becomes a densified area for entrepreneurship and various forms of co-living. Within the transformation, the local businesses are strengthened and possibilities are opened up for new initiatives, varying from small factories, small businesses and places for gathering. Its place identity is preserved by avoiding demolition. This has been made possible by the creation of a secondary raised infrastructure. The plan is not intended to be a static blueprint but offers the boundary conditions for the transformation. The area can develop slowly creating opportunities for local residents and local business owners to get involved within the program of demands. The new topology of open building proposes a mix of working and living. The building is seen as an ongoing dynamic process: it can absorb and adapt in order to reflect changes in user requirements. Its purpose is to act as a supporting system, creating low threshold opportunities for users to get involved within the realization of their dwellings, businesses and the shared spaces. The strategy does not only involve the supporting system but also the supporting strategy by which the buildings can be transformed and managed. Within the transformation, architecture becomes a vehicle for generating social bonds, social bridges, and social links. In doing so it creates opportunities for its users to develop alternative and diverse ways of living together.

Water is one of the long-standing problems in Sint Maarten. Water supply is scarce while water demand is high. Water pollution and incomplete infrastructure also needs to be tackled. How can a cluster scale decentralized water management system solve water challenges in the hurricane-prone environment of Sint Maarten is the research question. This paper answers this question from the following aspects. First, an analysis of existing water consumption amounts, water management systems, and water flows. Second, a case study of water management systems in other countries and regions, combined with a literature review to analyze how each system works. Third, develop a set of evaluation systems and analyze and evaluate each case. Then choose a new water management system for the Sint Maarten.

Elderly in the Netherlands today are not all assured of a suitable home for the rest of their lives. Because sooner or later the safe place that you call home isn’t that safe anymore and does not meet the requirements that come with living on an old age. The main causes of this are mobility issues, diseases or the passing away of people close to you. This is why many old people used to move to an elderly home that assures care and safety. But because of a change in long-term care for elderly many of them do not qualify for a place in an elderly home anymore. The care demand can be met by caregivers at home, but because of the growing elderly population less caregivers will be available in the future. Meaning that more and more elderly people will live in an unsuitable and mostly unhealthy home, without proper care. How can we prevent elderly people from aging in a bad environment?

The graduation project started with my fascination for mycelium-based materials, ecology and the circular economy. The main goal I strive to incorporate within the design project is circularity by integrating the ecology within the existing build environment and society. Therefore, I choose the Harvest studio of Architectural Engineering chair, because this studio is focused on the synergy between technology and design to solve societal issues. Within this studio we work through all scales, from region to object, in which I tried to close waste streams to incorporate circularity within my graduation project. Which gave me the feeling to contribute to a better and sustainable future.
The objective is to research and design with the possibilities of applying fungi though different scales within the built environment of the region Parkstad in Limburg, using different organic waste streams of local industries. The “roots” of this living organism called mycelium, can transform this waste into valuable new building materials. This way a symbiotic entanglement with the ecosystem can be arranged by literally implementing living organisms within the architectural design. This can be accomplished by investigating the qualities of mycelium-based materials, the production process and growing modular building objects that eventually disappears within the ecosystem after its use instead of harming the planet.
The design project is located in two vacant steel construction halls in Schinveld. The goal of this project is to revitalize this abandoned industrial terrain into a “Fungi Factory”: a factory for the production of mycelium-based materials. I tried to add a positive value to these halls by designing a factory and a place where people work, meet and learn about new innovations. The factory is leaving a positive footprint on the environment because it is not depending on fossil fuels and it is closing organic waste streams within the region. In this way I tried to create a balance between ecology and economy. Within the hall I designed a dynamic landscape of flexible units that can easily adapt to the growing scale of the production process and the demand of the users. Within the materialization of the design project will form a showcase of the variety of the applications of mycelium-based materials. With the help of mycelium I tried to design an example towards a sustainable future.

The project seeks to bridge the gap between the disciplines of the Ecology Restoration and Architecture. It is a result of the research, which shows that restoration does not mean bringing the environment to the state of the default. Instead, this time based, prone to disturbances process, should strive for the intensification of novelty landscapes. . In the shrinking Parkstad Area, where the former instruments of financial accumulation are left unattended, a series of architectural interventions will form an interdependent network. It is a strategy for reassembly of the former infrastructure into devices which stimulate the ecology. Developed over time, they can react to the dynamic changes in the ecosystem.