Recently a new phenomenon introduced itself in the Dutch infrastructure sector called co-creation. It is described in literature as ‘the joint creation of value between a company and its consumers’. It marks a shift in thinking and became a popular concept to increase the participation of consumers around the year 2000. Since then it has spread to other industries. In the service-and product design it already proved to be a good method as benefits such as increased satisfaction among consumers, cost reduction for the firm and innovative ideas has been mentioned in literature. . In this research, seven elements are identified that are found as necessary conditions for the co-creation concept. With decomposing it into elements it was found that the concept became less abstract, making it more practical for project leaders to implement the concept in their projects. Co-creation in the infrastructure sector is about placing the stakeholder in a central position and together identify their needs and investigate how value can be created jointly.

With the rapid development of real estate market, due to trends as the change in the way of working and automation/digitalisation of working processes, flexibility is one of the most important tasks for owner/investors of office buildings to invest in. Currently, 60% of the vacant offices are structural vacant. Flexibility could be used as an instrument to prevent future vacant office space. The flexibility to change characteristics of a building during its life cycle is called the adaptive capacity of a building. Adaptability can be regarded as way to make the real estate supply more dynamic and better able to cope with demand dynamics (static supply and dynamic demand) and in this way extend the functional lifespan of buildings. The problem is that real estate investors are hardly interested in investing in office buildings to increase the adaptive capacity. Thereby, is the most used financial method the DCF method which is currently insufficiently used to simulate the future uncertainty in an investment in flexibility on the longer term. This aim of this research is to illustrate how to cope with the future uncertainty in a new financial method. By using a stochastic approach with the Decision Tree Analysis the investors could be stimulated to invest in the adaptive capacity of office buildings and increase the adaptive capacity of a building to respond if the functional demand changes.