This thesis explores the motivation of developers to initiate and sustain participation in a Platform-as-a-Service Software Ecosystem (PaaS SECO). PaaS, integral to SECOs, is gaining prominence for its cost advantages and scalability. The study focuses on understanding what drives developers in diverse roles to engage with PaaS SECOs and examines potential differences in motivation among developer groups.

The research adopts an exploratory case study approach, with the Mendix SECO, a low-code PaaS for enterprise application development, as the subject. Semi-structured interviews with developers from Independent Software Vendors (ISVs), service providers, and customers inform the study. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is applied to structure and comprehend developers' motivators, considering intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.

The findings underscore the significance of intrinsic motivators, such as enjoyment, intellectual stimulation, and skill enhancement, in attracting developers to PaaS SECOs. Competence-related factors, like challenge and creativity, play a pivotal role. Extrinsic motivators, like knowledge exchange and community size, also contribute to initial participation, with SECO support being crucial.

In continued participation, intrinsic motivators remain vital, with skill maturation and the evolving nature of fun being emphasized. Learning new skills aligns with staying abreast of platform innovations, sometimes driven by external pressures. Developers become more aware of the SECO's offerings, with social events acting as supplementary motivators for connection and inspiration.

Extrinsic motivators, particularly in autonomous form, gain importance in sustained participation. Developers align with the platform's strategic direction, emphasizing satisfaction with the SECO and its innovative efforts. PaaS providers' reputation and engagement in social events further enhance developers' motivation.

The study reveals overarching similarities and differences between low-code and other SECO types, questioning assumptions about developer motivations. The dominance of intrinsic motivators aligns with previous research in proprietary SECOs, but nuances, such as the desire for fast and agile development, emerge as unique to PaaS SECOs.

Theoretical contributions include enriching understanding of developer motivation in PaaS SECOs, reevaluating the intrinsic-extrinsic binary scale, and offering insights into nuanced motivators through SDT. Practical implications suggest strategies for PaaS providers, emphasizing the importance of competence-related motivators and the ongoing need for intrinsic satisfaction.

In conclusion, this thesis contributes to both theoretical and practical aspects of developer motivation in PaaS SECOs, paving the way for future research and strategies to attract and retain developers in evolving software ecosystems.

Background. Dutch universities struggle to find effective evidence-based intervention tools to reduce the high prevalence of sexual violence among their students. Reducing sexual violence means a safer student climate and thus better inclusion of women and more diversity in higher education. Interesting approaches to consider for cultural change are bystander intervention and an already existing co-designed serious game. This game aims to encourage a dialogue among students but has thus far not been evaluated on its effectiveness. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate how a serious game can promote an intergroup dialogue between female and male students in Dutch universities to encourage bystander intervention in situations of sexually transgressive behaviour. Methods. Literature research and brainstorm sessions with female and male students from Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) were conducted to gain a better understanding of sexual violence among students. These methods were used as part of participatory game design research. Moreover, a quasi-controlled experimental trial was conducted with 64 TU Delft students from different nationalities and study backgrounds to evaluate the serious game on bystander attitudes, sexual violence myth acceptance, the willingness to intervene, and the effectiveness of the intergroup dialogue. Results. The results showed that the serious game session has a significant positive effect on bystander attitudes (i.e. bystander awareness and responsibility) and the willingness to intervene. No significant difference was found in sexual violence myth acceptance. Additionally, the game proved to promote an effective intergroup dialogue between the participants. Conclusion. Serious gaming proved to be effective in encouraging ethical bystander behaviour by promoting an intergroup dialogue. Therefore, universities are recommended to use serious games as an intervention tool to contribute to cultural change. Future studies should include students from other universities and focus on minimising selection bias to research whether serious games can also influence sexual violence myth acceptance.

Maritime logistics is important for the international volume of trade. Ports are critical in cargo transhipment and provide services to vessels like traffic management, piloting, towage and mooring, which together are called the Nautical Chain since these services are dependent on each other. Due to the importance of maritime logistics, it is important that the supply chain functions resiliently and thus ports function resiliently. For ports to function resiliently, the Nautical Chain should function resiliently. Currently there is no knowledge on the resilience of the Nautical Chain, which is the gap this research addresses. The aim of this research is to gain insight in the current state of resilience of the Nautical Chain, and gain insight in the effect different mitigation strategies have on improving this resilience. A literature review is performed and a discrete event simulation model is built to gain insight in the resilience of the Nautical Chain. The results show that the largest improvement to the resilience of the Nautical Chain can be achieved by a simultaneous increase in pilots and tugs.

Every day physicians make choices on clinical treatment that directly influence patients’ well-being. To deal with these critical decisions and avoid treatment errors and costs, physicians show a growing interest in Clinical Decision Support Systems (IDSS). Current CDSSs, however, suffer from limited transparency and flexibility, which gives rise to ethical concerns when applied in healthcare environments. A novel CDSS approach overcomes these limitations: Behavioral Artificial Intelligence (BAIT). However, a BAIT-based CDSS is not yet capable of incorporating new clinical developments to keep its recommendations accurate over time. Because healthcare decision-making is highly dynamic, the static BAIT-based CDSS needs a transformation into a dynamic BAIT-based CDSS that retains its accuracy and, therefore, clinical relevance over time. However, the preferences regarding a dynamic BAIT-based CDSS vary among healthcare decision-making contexts. Therefore, CDSS developers need an architecture that illustrates how to create and customize a dynamic BAIT-based CDSS that matches physicians' preferences in a particular healthcare context. Because designing these architectures is challenging, this research aims to formulate design principles that guide the design of dynamic BAIT-based CDSS architectures. By following the Action Design Research (ADR) framework, this research identified and tested a set of architecture requirements by building an architecture in a situated problem context. The generalization of the requirements that worked in a situated context resulted in ten design principles guiding the design of a dynamic BAIT-based CDSS architecture. The greater part of the design principles is specific to the design of a dynamic BAIT-based CDSS architecture. By providing these novel insights, the design principles contribute to the CDSS architecture design knowledge base. The research also contributes to CDSS architecture design knowledge because it tackles the challenges of designing a dynamic BAIT-based CDSS architecture. By doing so, the research outcomes eliminate the barriers to design such an architecture and lay a foundation to continue the work on transparent and dynamic CDSSs. The findings highlight new design challenges for further research, like designing a dynamic BAIT-based CDSS architecture with the ten design principles in another sector to investigate how to modify the design principles, so the principles are useful outside the healthcare sector.

Research into the bidirectional relationships between travel behaviour, attitude and risk perception during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using travel data obtained by the NS Panel, a cross-lagged panel model is constructed to analyse the causation in the three predictors for car and train travel.

This research project proposes a theoretical gamified design of a storytelling platform to engage TU Delft researchers into proactive submission of story ideas to co-create online storytelling for wide audiences. While universities have focused on improving communication with the general public in the past decades, researchers may still find barriers to engage in public communication of science. One of these barriers is proactive media contact, as the scientific community may perceive it as outside of the researchers’ role and subject the “transgressor” to informal peer-based sanctions. By assessing a sample of TU Delft researchers’ attitude towards an online TU Delft non-profit storytelling platform for internal and external communication similar to the target one, response efficacy proved to be the primary variable to motivate TU Delft researchers to engage in co-creation of online storytelling. The findings further confirm existing theories that younger and more intrinsically motivated researchers seem more willing to engage in online storytelling compared to older and more extrinsically motivated peers. The study translated these guidelines into a gamified design based on graph force models that challenge researchers to create tags related to their story, and form connections with peers within the TU Delft. To access these functionalities, TU Delft researchers must register to the platform by submitting a story idea, e.g. related to their researcher or field of study, and be willing to co-create online storytelling if their story is chosen. The design targets different groups of users by balancing the experience through the Octalysis framework, and implementing social points, competitions among faculties and badges. According to an evaluation with the case owner and a gamification expert of the first iteration of the design, rewarding the submission of stories with a network, seem effective in engaging TU Delft researchers to submit story ideas proactively and enhance collaboration and innovation with the TU Delft.

The global population is ageing at a rapid pace, accordingly many countries implement ageing in place policies to prevent unmanageable growth of costs of institutionalised care settings. Like many other countries, the Dutch government also shifted towards ageing in place policies to reduce the costs of institutionalised care settings. Ageing in place is aimed at allowing the elderly to live independently and stay part of the community. Therefore, policies and services are increasingly aimed at supporting the elderly in ‘place’, where ‘place’ consists of the dwelling and its surrounding environment. However, the current ‘place’ may not always be the best option for the elderly to receive care and support in order to age in place. The playing field of housing and care has made a significant transition since the decentralisation of the General Act on Exceptional Medical Expenses. Due to the changes in national policy and legislation, the binary perspective on housing for the elderly, in the conventional market or traditional institutions, has been expanded to include a potential spectrum of housing models to age in place. By disconnecting supportive functions, such as housing, care and welfare, from the traditional institutions, a new playing field has arisen for housing models to age in place between the traditional family home and the traditional institutions. Furthermore, public and individual responsibilities have shifted. The municipality has been given the responsibility to develop a strategy on ageing in place and the elderly have become responsible for choosing a 'suitable' place to age. However, municipalities, elderly and other stakeholders have their own perspective on the definition of a suitable ‘place’ to age, therefore municipalities, elderly and stakeholders have their ‘own language’ with regard to housing models to age in place. This leads to a so-called ‘dialogue of the deaf’ during the process of development and realisation of housing models to age in place. The new playing field of housing and care grants the opportunity to develop new supportive ‘places’. In order to provide supportive ‘place’ for the elderly, municipalities are able to proactively facilitate stakeholders in the development and realisation of housing models to age in place. This study offers an instrument that supports the coordination task of Dutch municipalities in order to develop and realise housing models to age in place.The basic functioning of the framework is as follows. The combination of the residential object and the variables in the inter- and external dimension reflect what a housing model to age in place entails. Within each variable, several options or combination of options are available to define the variable, where the prerequisites can be predefined options that need to be included in the model when developing a new housing model to age in place. The diverse variables are able to ‘build’ a variety of housing models within the new spectrum of ageing in place, therefore the variables are labelled as building blocks. Based on this study, three applications of the framework have been defined in order to support the coordination task of Dutch municipalities in order to develop and realise housing models to age in place.The first application of the framework is focussed on structurally collecting data on preferences of the elderly on local scale in relation to housing models to age in place. The framework can be used as a tool to gather data of the preferences of the elderly in relation to housing models to age in place. Findings based on the data collected on the preferences of the elderly in relation to housing models to age in place can be used to define prerequisites, which can be taken into account when developing a housing model to age in place. By exposing the demand for housing models to age in place through the use of the framework, the municipality is provided with data that can be used for both housing and ageing in place policy. The second application of the framework is aimed at creating a frame of reference for municipalities on housing models to age in place. Currently, the new spectrum of ageing in place is mostly unexplored and therefore municipalities have an incomplete frame of reference on housing models to age in place within their municipality borders. Therefore, the framework can be used to enhance the frame of reference on housing models to age in place by analysing existing housing models within municipality borders. The framework offers a ‘template’ for municipalities to structurally organise information on existing housing models to age in place.The final application of the framework focuses on the guidance of stakeholders in relation to the discussion on what a supportive ‘place’ is for the elderly. The framework provides a starting point for ‘shared language’ on housing models to age in place in order to guide the dialogue between stakeholders involved with the development of housing models to age in place. The framework can be used as a guidance in order to break the ‘dialogue of the deaf’ that frequently occurs between stakeholders during the development of housing models to age in place. This application of the framework can be compared to a structured interview with the same questions asked in the same order each interview. In this case, the same building blocks are discussed in the same order each consultation round between stakeholders. Through repeating the process the occurrence of the ‘dialogue of the deaf’ will decrease. The research presents several recommendations. One of the recommendations is focused on bridging the domains of different stakeholders. It became apparent that stakeholders within the playing field of housing and care think too ‘compartmentalised’. While the framework offers an instrument to bridge the domains, it still requires a cultural change to bridge the domains. This means that the stakeholders have to show ‘entrepreneurship and guts’ to successfully develop new housing models to age in place. The municipality will have to take a proactive and facilitating role in order to stimulate stakeholders to ‘look over their own fence’.

Persuasive games for complex systems have subtle messages they want to convince stakeholders of the complex system of in question of in order to help them solve certain problems. However, there currently is little known about the persuasive game design principles used in those games to convey the persuasive message, especially how people with different cultural backgrounds perceive the persuasiveness of the persuasive design principles. This paper describes the research executed to determine how Individualists and Collectivists perceive the persuasiveness of 'Comparison between individuals' and 'Comparison between groups', this was done using a combination of a persuasive game for complex systems and storyboards. The results showed that Individualists are persuaded more by 'Comparison between groups' than by 'Comparison between individuals' which was not expected. Further research using another persuasive game for complex system should determine whether this was due to the game or is also valid for other persuasive game for complex systems.