With the help of information technology, people can not only store the massive knowledge formed over thousands of years in various network databases but also present the process of knowledge production in different spaces at the same time. At this time, education will present a new ecology that can be learned everywhere and all the time. The physical boundaries of peer communication, work, and learning become blurred or even disappear completely, and the fluidity of educational space arises at a historic moment. It can be seen from recent experience that the traditional model of space and ownership (space owned by colleges and departments) is changing to a more diversified and flexible shared space. Success depends not only on the type of space provided but also on how to connect different types of space through circulation and create interactive activities.

This project, Google Computer Science Faculty, based on Google's plans and ambitions to enter the higher education market, tries to create fluidity in the next generation of educational spaces by focusing on the design of circulation areas.

The Messe Performance Cube, complements the cultural heart of the Messe Berlin exhibition grounds, situated next to one of the busiest transportation nodes of Berlin. It is a centre for a wide range of performing arts and stands among the global frontrunners in the field of innovative theatre experience. The Cube transcends the traditional organization of theatre buildings, adopting a new approach in its design and layout. The design pushes the boundaries of performance spaces, resulting in a robust structure that can accommodate countless forms of performances. Due to its versatile design, the Messe Performance Cube extends beyond the confines of music, theatre or spectacle. It can also serve as a space for exhibitions, events, festivals and studios and can be played by artists and curators as an everchanging instrument.

Since the dawn of civilization, the architecture of power has been a means to symbolize societies´ beliefs. The parliament building is itself a great example. It has been used to project to nations images, associations, messages, and ideals. These buildings often embody a sense of oppression, intimidation, security, and protection. The Reichstag building in Berlin symbolized the German Unification in 1871; the National Congress in Brasilia symbolized the country´s economic
progress in the 1950s; the European Parliament in Strasbourg symbolized the openness and democracy of the newly created European Union in the 1990s. If we believe that our buildings shape us - as Winston Churchill once said - what parliament are we seeking now? What comes next?

The ambition of this project is to reflect on the powerful symbolism of the parliament as a tool for an emergent and extremely relevant global challenge: sustainability.

Euroterminal Berlin is an international high-speed terminal located in Südkreuz, Berlin. The design explores the impact of digitalization on the typology of train stations and subsequently its users.

The importance of air quality, especially humidity, temperature and CO2 levels, makes for the implementation of primarily mechanical ventilation techniques in modern-day swimming pools. Because it is believed that mechanically ventilated buildings have more accessible climate control abilities (Lévesque, 2015). However, with today’s climate change problems and an enhanced focus on energy sufficient building techniques, as well as the Covid pandemic, some claim that the inclusion of natural ventilation systems into our building systems could have significant advantages for designing environmental conscious buildings as well as safer and healthier buildings in regards to the spread of future airborne viruses (Allard, 1998; Zarandi, 2006; Bhagat, 2020). Therefore, this research aims to explore which natural ventilation techniques could be implemented into the design of modern-day swimming pools whilst still maintaining modern-day user comfort in regards to air quality levels (humidity, temperature and CO2 levels).

The rise of technological development of services, digitalization of a building and
its influence on future design approaches is a main concern of this thesis.

It’s August 4 when Lebanon’s capital, Beirut, is hit by one of the largest non-nuclear explosions the world has ever seen. Unfortunately, this explosion that damaged and/or demolished more than half of the city is not the first crisis it has to deal with. Several catastrophes have already plagued Lebanon and its capital during the last century such as (civil) wars, financial, health and other crises and a corrupt government. The research into the Salam Emergency Station looks into architectural adaptation within a hostile environment. It does so in one overarching building that facilitates the police, fire brigade and ambulance. The research mainly focuses on safety design, while also looking for a balans with approachability.

Situated in the suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, the Mar Elias Crop Market acts as protagonist project of the market district in the Beirut Mosaic urban masterplan. This masterplan is part of the Complex Projects Beirut graduation studio, focused on dealing with catastrophe in the built environment. The Mar Elias Crop Market is a mix of a logistic food center and public market, situated in the suburbs near Ramlet Al Baida beach, acting as a distribution node in a network and strengthening the food chain from land to city. The Mar Elias Crop Market aims to revive Beirut's food culture, offers public space to the city, and aims to improve post-harvest handling by improving the distribution network in the Beirut Mosaic.

Across a period of multiple crises and a structurally instable government, amongst other things, there has been a strong national decline in cultural activity, production, and presence in the city of Beirut. With this, national identity is faltering, and citizens begin to give up on their home nation. Who can is emigrating, and the rest lay abandoned and discouraged in an increasingly privatized and unwelcoming environment.

What role can culture play in the complex transitions cities are currently going through? What aspects can be combined in order to suggest architecture appropriate for a scenario of hardships, which also strengthens national identity and the image of the city? Ultimately, how can a building complex informed by cultural production contribute to the narration and revival of cultural activity?

The task at hand is the design of a productive building which revolves around a culturally relevant produce and manages to evoke the social rituals and greater historic context which go with it. This should strengthen and reinstate pride towards local produce, reform ties to the country and its rich lands, and also support the citizens and the complex urban life which surround it. The design of an urban winery and arak distillery shall be the assignment utilized as means of researching and exploring this challenge.

Beirut's Living Room:

Characterized by cultural diversity, Beirut has a multi-religious society, with unfortunately a rampant space shrinkage issue. With in particular the Public domain. Evidenced by limited infrastructure and virtually no affordable housing, the cityscape is strongly demarcated by historic and religiously motivated conflicts. However today, this is all overshadowed by the wide income gap.

The greed for profit on the one hand is opposed by the fundamental desire for housing on the other. The two opposing interest groups have such conflicting needs
that in the past 30 years it has not been possible to balance the requirements in a meaningful way that is acceptable to both groups. Finding a resolution here will have a decisive influence on the future of the city.

Based on the research question “How should affordable housing be designed in a socio-economically segregated context such as Beirut”, an inclusive and high density building with the main aim of affordable and high quality dwelling units was designed. A fundamental role in the design and research process was the chosen location in relation with the urban context and the developed group masterplan.

In total the master thesis shows a new approach the master thesis for a more equitable housing in Lebanon.

The topic of Complex Project this year focuses on the revitalization of Beirut after the explosion in August 2020. Dynamic Habitat Beirut is a starters community that will be constantly under development, located in Karantina neighbourhood. The project has 3 main ingredients: the infrastructure core, the flexible units system, and diverse shared living and working space.

“The education system in Lebanon is at risk of collapse, with devastating consequences for children...” (Human Rights Watch, 2021) The Lebanese government has been unable to provide basic education to at least 700.000 children. This is about one third of all children that should have access to education. On a surface level, this problem seems to be caused by the way the Lebanese government has been dealing with recent issues such as the port explosion, covid-19 and the countries debt causing hyperinflation. When looking deeper in the education system of Lebanon, it becomes clear that there is a systematic lack of funding from the government for public schools. A review of the education in Lebanon from 2017 writes that 70% of all enrolled students go to private schools. This is a big financial burden on families.1 This review also describes how only 2,45% of GDP is spent by the government on public education. In contrast, the average spending on education by European countries is 4,0% of the GDP. The research that will be conducted will evaluate the possibilities public school architecture could have in the suburbs of Beirut if provided with the right amount of funding. Also, in what way it could benefit the public as a whole. The research question of this paper is : How to design a new public school in a way that it becomes a public asset?

The ambition of the project for the new public library in Beirut is one that explores how architectural space can facilitate this synergy between digital information and books. Through the integration of digital media in architecture and its interactive aspects, information can become more accessible to users. Beirut is historically known for being the intellectual center of the middle east. Hosting high quality schools and possessing a cosmopolitan character, Beirut truly put its mark on the map. Despite this reputation, Lebanon now finds itself struggling with urgent crises surrounding education and knowledge. The most important factor in the crises is the socioeconomic disparities in the access to knowledge and education. Currently there is a lack in public learning spaces and buildings in Beirut. Due the absence of a public library or learning space in the city, Beirutians have little access to knowledge and this access is determined by their social class. By satisfying the need for a public library there is a potential to address the social fragmentation of Beirut and minimize this fragmentation. This learning space should not only respond to the current needs of the city, but also to the future of Beirut.

Economically, there is a national shift from service sector to IT sector. It is expected that Lebanon will grow further in the IT sector due to its national and regional competitive advantage. The same trend is seen in globally, where digitalization is becoming more and more apparent in our daily lives. This new way of living influences the library typology, where printed and non-printed information can be found. The way we learn is evolving due to this fast paced growth of technology. Conventional learning is teacher- centered. This type of learning typically refers to learning situations where the teacher is the main source for learning. This is also visible in conventional libraries, where the buildings are book centered. With the rise of technology however, there is new trend of learning which shifts from teacher-centered to student-centered learning. This means that the subject learns through different sources of knowledge, due to the accessibility of it through technology. In contemporary library buildings, this shift is visible where the building’s main element is not only books. In other words, typology is becoming less book centered and more user-centered. The library is not only a collection but an experience where multiple types of information come together. How can these different media be interwoven and work together to create an optimal library experience? In most contemporary buildings, these two types of information are quite segregated in the building. But how can these two ways of information be interwoven and work together to create an optimal library experience?

The research question for this project is: What role can a public learning space play in the reconstruction of Beirut and how can it spatially facilitate the local and global digitalization of information?

The research revealed a pressing need for change in today’s food production and consumption. The rising global population will demand so much food, that there is not enough land on earth to produce this. The research also showed a possible solution: clean meat. Lab grown meat is more efficient in every way, compared to traditional meat. The problem found is that people are hesitant to try clean meat. It is an unknown technique and very different from the usual consumed food. This is where C.E.L. will come in.

The process of clean meat production is suited for an urban environment. This means it can be brought to the people that need convincing. The research showed that making the process transparent creates knowledge amongst consumers and that will lead to willingness and loyalty for the product. The second way to persuade hesitant consumers is giving choices instead of forcing a choice on them. The concept combines these two aspects by creating a market hall integrated with a food lab: Coolhaven Exhibition Lab.

The first Skyscraper was developed in 1885 in Chicago, the home insurance building. Soon this type of building became a symbol of power and representation which started to migrate within America and then to the other parts of the world. As technology improved new types of skyscraper facades were introduced which migrated as people were inspired. A persistent issue that can be seen throughout the migration is the unchanged urban implementation of these buildings. The street life and the way it interacts with the building have not been clearly addressed. Many architects have addressed these issues on their own way, but this connection between both the spaces varies with their location and context and has to be addressed with respect to that. Netherlands is a country which has a strong urban street life connection, outdoor social and interaction spaces such as markets, outdoor cafes, bars and restaurants can be found throughout the cities. Rotterdam is one such city where in spite of the urbanization and the modern architecture, the spirit of Rotterdam remains outdoors with a good social interaction. However, the modern High-rise buildings in certain parts of the city still stands as an isolated entity in the neighborhood severing the urban street life connection with the building. Now understanding the significance of the urban street life connection, Rotterdam’s High-rise vision 2019 states the need for spaces for social integration in the plinth of the building. This thesis researches effective ways to do this with respect to the context of the Netherlands and its inhabitants and proposes a mixed use skyscraper in Delfshaven.

The project Space of Signal in a speculative design that explores the potential impact of 5G signal on built environment. As proved by the conducted research, the Presence of 5G Transmitter will encourage the act of gathering of e-businesses in the close proximity to signal source, as this will remain the guaranty of reliable and stable 5G connection. Therefore, the scope of the project may be defined as 5G implementation model consisting of signal transmitter and receiver design, where the primary spatial topic will be the relation between two buildings. Both facilities are considered with a particular focus towards the urban relation between facilities, efficient placement of antennas and spatial consequences within each building. The project will therefore embrace the different spatial qualities required by signal transmitter and receiver. By looking through the scientific lenses of signal streams and directions, the final outcome depicts, how the built environment that surround us continuous to be shaped by individual dimension of signal.

Every space has its own atmosphere. This atmosphere consists of elements that stimulate a person's various senses, and the person slowly feels the collection of these elements and recognizes them as the atmosphere of space. This study focuses on what elements make up this atmosphere, how they approach and influence people, and how they will be applied to create space. In addition, it raises the question of ‘Does the atmosphere remain the same when a particular atmosphere is moved to another place and recreated as it is?’. To address this, this project sets up a space and analyses the features by studying the elements that make up the atmosphere of that space. It then creates a new atmosphere by looking for a new place to place such elements. In this process, the space that had its own atmosphere, the place to newly deploy, and the appropriate program are determined. Therefore, based on an understanding of atmosphere, this study explores how the atmosphere affects the formation of space, what kind of building “migration of atmosphere” might be, and furthermore, how this atmosphere of new building makes relationship to the surrounding environment and how it affects society.