This design report discusses the embodiment design of a more efficient frying pan for gas powered stoves in commercial kitchens, to see if a potential market entry is feasible, viable and desirable. Conventional pans have a thermal efficiency of roughly 25%. This means that only 25% of the heat coming from the combusted gas is used for cooking. The rest - 75% - is not being absorbed by the pan and is wasted as heat to the kitchen environment.

In the beginning of 2022, a start-up called ‘NeoStove’ developed a proof-of-concept for a more efficient pan. It has proven that it is possible to double the thermal efficiency from 25% to 50%, at the cost of a higher product complexity. This increased complexity poses challenges in the domain of manufacturing, such as thin-walled fin structures to enlarge the effective surface area, as seen in heat sink configurations. A production process called high pressure die casting (HPDC) is used to achieve the required complexity and detailing that enable such a thermal efficient pan. The material used is an aluminium alloy, which is exceptionally suitable for the HPDC process. This process in combination with the alloy offers a set of benefits over a steel counterpart. First, aluminium is a metal with a high thermal conductivity that allows for excellent propagation of heat through the pan resulting in a beter heat distribution. Secondly, it is lightweight so it reduces physical strain on joints and ligaments of chefs, and results in a faster heat-up and cool-down time (Newton’s Law of Cooling). Thirdly, aluminium is relatively affordable and castable, which helps limiting production costs and puting a competitive product in the market.

From a user perspective, it is important to note that both the increased thermal efficiency and the added geometric complexity of the pan result in a slightly altered way of cooking. The design of a pan has remained more or less the same for thousands of years, so it might be difficult for a chef to adapt. The aim of the new design is to not hamper the workflow of the chef, but have it seamlessly integrated with their existing way of working. It is clear that a product manifesting itself in the harsh commercial kitchen environment requires a simple and robust setup, since physical abuse of kitchen equipment occurs on a regular basis. To illustrate, a typical frying pan with a synthetic non-stick coating has an average lifespan of 4 months among the restaurants interviewed in this study (n=27). The top three reasons for failure of a frying pan (end-of-life) are: 1) wearing-off non-stick coating, 2) warped base and 3) broken handle (-atachment). These challenges - amongst others - are tackled in this project with a set of design choices. First of all, the pan is hard anodized which results in an improved surface hardness and scratch resistance. Secondly, the fin geometry is designed in such a way that it improves thermal behaviour and structural integrity of the pan, preventing it from warping during thermal shock events and reduce the chance of damage from impact forces during drops. Lastly, the handle is issued with a three-point rivet atachment to the pan. This is the strongest analysed atachment technique that is seen on pans on the market, and it passes a 10 kg bending test.

The prototypes developed during this project have been pilot tested at 3 different restaurants and did not show any signs of wear during these multi-week trail periods. User inputs from the pilot tests are used to improve and iterate upon the design.

This report describes the development of a redesigned haptic glove for SenseGlove, a Delft-based startup specializing in haptic technologies for use in Virtual Reality. Their Nova product line offers force feedback, haptics, and finger tracking to increase immersion in VR and provide intuitive interaction with virtual objects for training purposes. Driven by a desire to implement new features, communicate a new branding direction and increase production rates while maintaining quality, SenseGlove requested a full redesign of Nova’s enclosure with a focus on improving assembly time.

An analysis of Nova’s original assembly process and design was conducted and showed several areas in which it could be improved. Then, three focus points were defined based on principles from Poka Yoke and DFA:

Focus point 1:
Minimize the number of parts needed for subassemblies within the scope of this project.

Focus point 2:
Improve the logic of the assembly steps and make them as self-explanatory as possible.

Focus point 3:
Reduce the loss of progress that can occur from human error during assembly.

Guided by the focus points, a three-phase design process was completed in which Nova was divided into several subproblems that were individually solved, then combined into a configuration model, before finally being integrated with a new aesthetic direction that was co-developed with SenseGlove to create a Nova 2.0 concept with a new assembly process. A proposal for CMF was also provided, along with an evaluation based on assembly, aesthetics reception, manufacturability, and costs.

The Nova 2.0 concept is estimated to take approximately 53% of the original time to assemble, while eliminating the need for several assembly stations and enabling nondestructive disassembly. The new aesthetic direction fits well among other VR devices often used together with Nova but requires some refinement to meet all visual goals set by SenseGlove. The model provided in this report is not yet completely manufacturable, but with minor adjustments and implementation of recommendations should be ready for production. The new production cost is expected to be higher than the original Nova due to the implementation of new features and a redesigned PCBA, though the exact price cannot be determined as some features were beyond the scope of this project.

The Nova 2.0 concept reaches the goals set at the start of this project and SenseGlove is recommended to further develop it but is advised to keep the three focus points in mind when making changes, as design for assembly needs to be applied in all stages of development to bring maximum benefits and reduce the risk of facing issues in the future.

In this report the development and design of Claus is presented. Claus is an auxiliary drive train module for last-mile delivery hand trucks. The objective of the concept is to enable delivery workers to deliver parcels to the growing amount of addresses in urban environments with limited mobility access.

Due to the combination of urbanization, the rising popularity of e-commerce and rising congestion levels in cities, delivery companies are increasingly struggling to transport their goods to the customer. Conventional delivery fleets, consisting of big delivery vans to handle the rising delivery volumes, are not suited to the urban environment anymore as cities are undergoing rising congestion rates and as automobiles are becoming a less prioritized mode of transport. Consequently, delivery workers have to cover larger distances from the van to the front door of the customer by foot. Usually, delivery workers use hand trucks to cover these last meters, but as these distances increase, walking the hand truck becomes a time consuming job.
Claus is proposed as a solution for this last leg of parcel delivery. Claus is an auxiliary module with a built in electric drive train that connects to any regular hand truck. By connecting Claus to a hand truck, a four-wheel vehicle is created that can transport a the delivery worker along with his or her cargo. The hand truck acts as both the cargo carrier as well as the steering device, while Claus acts as a standing deck and a drive train. Thanks to Claus’ geometry and volume, Claus can be transported in a conventional delivery van similarly to the hand truck. By bringing both a hand truck and Claus during delivery shifts, delivery workers are enabled to quickly and easily cover areas that are becoming less accessible to delivery vans.

Two prototypes were created that were used to validate the concept. A technical prototype acted as a means to validate the driving characteristics and the ergonomics. Furthermore, it was used to validate technical aspects such as the battery capacity and the drive train system. An aesthetic prototype was used to communicate the design to the stakeholders.

The amount of Heat pumps in the Netherlands is on the rise mainly because of the climate accords that hope to abolish the use of natural gas. This project aims to improve upon the current design of heat pumps to answer to this increased market. This is done in collaboration with ThuisBaas and more specifically Errico Garofalo who created the concept design The Tree. This concept design is expanded upon and simulated in this master thesis.

Your hands are the most precious tools in daily life. Therefore, it is easy to imagine that people with diminished hand functionality experience a reduced quality of life. This implies for patients with joint problems. Consequently, the hand functionality should be increased through splinting. Splinting is a non-operative treatment for patients with commonly rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ehlers danlos syndrome.

In this master thesis, an ultra personalized splint and service system has been designed. This product-service system includes the whole patient journey, from medical consult to gathering anthropometric data and producing the personalized splint. Throughout the design process, a computational design approach was leading. This started with defining the patient needs and the splint functionality. Thereafter, several options for data and parameter acquisition were explored. The options differed in the complexity of anthropometric data. The first concept was based on a 3D scan (3D), the second on a photograph (2D), and the third on hand measurements (1D). The latter involved the use of a statistical shape model (SSM).
With regard to the 3D scanning procedure, both mesh wrapping and digital posture correction were implemented and evaluated. Unfortunately, this did not result in an accurate design reference. Further research on posture correction for orthosis design is therefore recommended.
Additional research on 3D scanning of patients with rheumatoid arthritis gave great insight into the possibilities concerning the 3D scanning process. 3D scanning involves great challenges with regard to patients with pathological hands. The process remains not viable until an instant 3D hand scanner becomes available. The SSM is proposed as a bridging solution towards the instant 3D scan or eventually incorporating the hand scan in artificial intelligence (AI) processing workflows.
Furthermore, a parametric computational design has been modelled. This design automatically adjusts to the anthropometric data of the patient. It allows for customization of the medical requirements and the aesthetic features. There has been emphasized on medical jewellery design. Different materials have been explored for this purpose.
Finally, the fit and functionality evaluation showed good results. The splint fits snugly and only a few aspect with regard to the functionality needs to change.

Transcended manufacturing is a new emerging manufacturing paradigm in response to the rising need for mass personalisation and ultra-personalised products. Through product personalisation, people can assert their identity in an increasingly impersonal world. But the one-off a kind nature of ultra-personalised make them hard to manufacture with traditional fabrication methods. Transcended manufacturing uses automation and digital manufacturing to manufacture ultra-personalised products. Hybrid fabrication is a digital manufacturing technique that combines multiple processes to provide new process capabilities. Hybrid manufacturing is still underdeveloped but could improve the field of personalised products and transcended manufacturing with its versatility and flexibility.

The project goal was to research hybrid fabrication and find and develop opportunities that may benefit Transcended manufacturing and ultra-personalised products.

The project started with an analysis of the current situation of digital manufacturing and the industry. The study resulted in multiple opportunities for hybrid fabrication and transcended manufacturing, from new processes that can be used for personalised product fabrication, to versatile and flexible manufacturing.

With the opportunities of hybrid fabrication defined, a future vision, a production scenario and exemplary product are created. These scenarios are used to ideate, conceptualise and develop a hybrid fabrication workstation. The future of hybrid fabrication looks bright but early adoption of hybrid manufacturing is in product research and development.

The workstation is further embodied and a prototype is created to showcase and kickstart hybrid fabrication and personalised product development. The prototype addresses reconfigurability and flexibility in hybrid systems and provides a platform and framework for hybrid manufacturing.

The future of hybrid manufacturing and transcended manufacturing looks promising. As the industry 4.0 grows and transcended manufacturing and hybrid fabrication mature, the new way of manufacturing ultra-personalised products can include hybrid fabrication systems.

Trendelenburg gait is an abnormal gait that causes the pelvis to tilt downward during walking. The pelvis tilts downward above the unsupported leg, which is in the swing phase. Untreated, abnormal walking patterns can create the users to learn compensational movements and behaviours. As well as causing balancing issues when walking, it can also cause pathologies in the back, knees, and ankles or even the inability to walk. As a result, you walk inefficiently and with much effort. Wheelchairs and crutches are two of the most common assistance products today. Being time-conscious, we want to accomplish everything as quickly and efficiently as possible. Therefore, taking a wheelchair is a much faster solution than using crutches. Eventually, this behavior leads to an unhealthy lifestyle that negatively impacts the quality of life for the patients. In order to motivate patients to walk, a product is needed that is more efficient than the wheelchair and provides noticeable improvement over time, so that they feel as though they are making progress. Instead of crutches and wheelchairs, the patient should use a hip-brace. The goal of this project is to create a wearable product that will improve walking gait in the personal environment, taking into account the interaction and the user’s needs, focussing on the attachment to the body. As the user is central in this thesis, insights from user research are translated into the design. By starting with a mechanical principle that creates an abduction moment and translating it to requirements for the user and requirements regarding application to the human body, an integrated design was created that handled many aspects. The hip brace is designed to provide support, ease of use, and comfort. The ease of use is provided by the intuitive and simple process of attaching, a process that has been validated through extensive user research. The shape offers support to the right parts of the body, providing comfort. It provides the necessary support to prevent the hip from dropping while still allowing for some flexibility when walking.

A modular product-service approach has the potential to facilitate behaviour change within the snowboard boot context. The circular design strategy proposed in this report, including the 6 circular design principles, navigates the process of creating a product-service aiming to maintain a products’ value throughout its lifetime. With a special focus on Design for Attachment and Trust, Design for Durability and Design for Adaptability and Upgradability. Once a product-service has been established for a while, Attachment and Trust help estimate future consumer behaviour within the service. For snowboard boots in particular, Durability is defined as the main angle on sustainability to approach this project. The environmental impact of this product over a certain period is reduced by prolonging the lifetime of the product. When the value attached to a product by the user, slowly decreases over time, Adapting and/or Upgrading a product potentially renews the product value for the user. This is especially true for the functional and emotional values. This increased product value is complementary to product retention and thus longevity, the ultimate goal.

What motivates users to buy certain snowboard boots depends on the type of user. A beginner has more ignorance and a lack of knowledge to overcome in their purchase decisions , resulting in a price and comfort based purchase. While an experienced snowboarder demands certain qualities or features. The different types of snowboarders are captured in four personas, including their level of investment, attitude and behaviour on the slopes. Snowboarders can identify with different personas over time, as people's needs, abilities or interests develop over time. The created lookup table regarding persona shifting can be utilised to inspire user centered design while designing the product service system. The table further elaborates on the user's perspective during persona shifting, including the user's attitude, focus and purchase behaviour (table 1). To facilitate these changes, the adaptable and upgradable aspects of the product service system should include:
- the level of comfort
- the stiffness or firmness
- the tightening mechanism
- appearance

Sustainability is viewed differently among the participants of the qualitative user research. The various sustainable attitudes are independent from the snowboarder personas, which have been created from the user research data. Additionally, one's sustainable attitude is not necessarily linked to sustainable actions. Therefore, the designed sustainable, alternative product-service interaction should be superior to the current standard to avoid relying solely on benefits regarding sustainability. By doing so, an attempt is made to get both sustainable and non-sustainably behaving people on board.


A market positioning analysis shows the opportunity to approach sustainability from a durability point of view. Deeluxe currently has a basis of a repair- and replaceability focussed product offering, so the transition to enter a modular system seems to be within reach compared to other brands. Deeluxe could be a pioneer in this field and potentially gain greater visibility and grow as a company, while establishing a more sustainable way of product handling.
A modular product-service is proposed including a service set-up, a product-service vision and a product possibility that could enhance product longevity and stimulate the intended durable and modular behaviour. The service proposal includes the offering of separate product parts and a take-back system for repair or refurbishing of used products. The user is introduced to a different product interaction from the start, to trigger a mindset that thinks ahead. By evaluating the ease and benefits that comes with the service, the user is invited to think about their personal development as a snowboarder. Do they challenge themselves to become better? Are different product qualities demanded if so? and Do they want to explore different terrains? The threshold for trying different terrains might be lower when only one boot part has to be switched to support the rider properly.

This product-service represents freedom, growth, and sustainability without compromise. The boots are high end and high performance . the user is investing in their future, without spending too much.

The current standard of snowboard boots has been, re-thought, revised and redesigned in a modular fashion to prepare them for a more circular future. A possible product, the Exo-Flex, has been designed in a way that enables the user to alter the stiffness of the boot to their desires. By creating that possibility, the functional value imposed on the boots can be increased throughout a product's lifetime. Enabling the increase of a value that deteriorates over time, stimulates product retention thus creating product longevity.
The Exo-Flex is especially designed for the All-in snowboarder persona, who enjoy freestyle snowboarding in the park. A form study concerning leg ergonomics and the specific movements required in snowboarding have defined the shape-design of the Exo-Flex. The main function of this prototype is to evaluate the design dimensions, demonstrate the intended use and evaluate the ease of use. The materials, the actual stiffness and structure still have to be designed and defined.

Cephalopods (e.g. squids, octopuses, cuttlefish) are able to actively adapt their appearance in terms of color, texture or transparency. The goal of this project is to mimic this ability with a simple and mechanical solution and apply this technology to a product or environment. This resulted in a pneumatic mechanism which folds open after actuation and thereby changes color. This mechanism was then applied to a wall panel which can be used to cover the inner or outer walls of buildings and thereby change the color of the facade or space.

The constantly growing world population has en ever-increasing food supply demand. With the decreasing quality of available agricultural land, innovations in the agricultural sector will play an increasingly crucial role. Increasing productivity, improving quality and increasing the nutritional values of the end products are key in combating the problems. In the seed industry, several germination tables and cabinets have been used for decades (figures on next page). These are used to determine the quality and germination power of seeds, and to find optimum germination conditions. These devices are low-tech, labor-intensive and prone to inconsistencies in results caused by subjective human classification.

The company Quantified from Leiden, along with the companies M91200 and Idematica, saw an opportunity to develop the germination table of the future; The QIEM-Array. It aims to automate some of the steps of germination research and provide advanced data to the user. This graduation project was conducted in the first phase of the QIEM-Array project. After a problem analysis, literature review and interviews with users, a first prototype was developed. This prototype has nine individually-controllable cells in which germination tests can be done. In these cells the temperature and light can be controlled, the moisture can be measured and pictures of the seeds can be taken. The data and pictures can be used for advanced analysis with machine learning algorithms.

 Starting this report 3Dprinting is explained and the state of the art in 3D printing structuralelectronics. From here the current state of the project is described afterwhich the project goal is formed. The project goal for this project is asfollows:  “Test and prototype on-sitecuring of solder paste on a 3D printed substrate to enable the 3D printing ofstructural electronics in prototypes using an FDM 3D printer”  After the project goal the vision for thefuture 3D printer is also discussed.  ResearchReflow soldering methods used in industry were researched and the mostpromising methods were chosen for the given use case of on-site curing ofsolder paste in a 3D printer. The most promising methods for on-site curing area thermode, a diode laser and focused hot-air. Also the used materials (e.g.solder paste and thermoplastic substrate) are discussed in more detail.  Testing of methods The three most promisingmethods were tried and tested to see which would be the most suitable method tocontinue with. Only the focused hot-air method produced usable results wherethe traces would be conductive.  Hot-airdetailed testing After determining that the focused hot-air method was mostsuitable method more detailed tests were done. Tests were conducted forprinting overlapping traces as a first step in printing in the verticaldirection. Trace pitch was tested for connecting DIP pitch components. As wellas how pins can be connected to the solder paste traces. And lastly tests aredone to quantify the conductivity of the printed and cured solder paste traces.Architecture of the system The system that was used for testing is described indetail. The system consists of a Ultimaker for printing the thermoplasticsubstrate and RepRap printing platform where the custom built solder pasteextruder and focused hot-air gun are mounted in. Design guidelines To use thedeveloped method for future research several design guidelines are described inthis section. First the CAD is discussed with the dimensions of the trace andhow components are to be placed in the design. After that the preparation ofthe Gcode for both printers is described. Demonstrator To demonstrate theabilities of the developed method a demonstrator product was designed and made.This demonstrator combines all the abilities that were tested separately in thehot-air detailed tasting chapter. Conclusions To finish this master thesis itis concluded that using this method of printing and curing as an alternative materialin 3D printing prototypes of structural electronics is promising. It is easy touse and affordable with sufficient quality to be used for prototypes. Howevertrue 3D functionality has not been achieved yet. Recommendations In this masterthesis a step forward has been made for using solder paste in 3D printingstructural electronics. To improve this method more research is needed andpossible steps for future research are discussed here. Creating consistentlayers would open up the possibility of stacking multiple layers and open upthe possibility of printing 3D structural electronics.

Freezing of Gait (FoG) is a debilitating walking problem affecting over 50\% of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. Rhythmic cues during FoG can help patients to resume walking. FoG can be detected from lower limb acceleration data, but current detection algorithms lack context, resulting in false positive detection and initiation of cues when these are not required. Cues are only required during ambulatory motion. Adding a task classification model to an FoG detection device can help to increase specificity. Furthermore, using this model, an activity log of PD patients can be kept in the home environment, thereby facilitating disease evaluation. A decision tree model using Bayesian classifiers was developed for task classification. Predictors were extracted from raw data of an ankle-worn tri-axial accelerometer and the best predictors were determined at each decision node using feature selection methods. The proposed decision tree model (trained using healthy subject data) was tested on PD patient data to evaluate transferability. Furthermore, to compare performance and computational speed, our Bayesian decision node classifiers were compared to Naive Bayes classifiers. The proposed model was over 30 times faster, compared to the computational speed of using Naive Bayes classifiers at the decision nodes. Ambulatory windows were identified with a sensitivity over 91% for both healthy subjects and PD patients, showing that the Bayesian decision tree model developed in this study can provide context for an FoG detection wearable, to enable effective cueing. This will help patients to walk more confidently and to keep active.

The project is divided into three sub-assignments: - A future manufacturing context must be envisioned and the most important requirements synthesized. - An implementation of this envisioned manufacturing system must be developed and validated. - An exemplary-product producible by this system must be designed, showcasing the benefits of the envisioned manufacturing method. Envision Following the problem definition and assignment defined in the Introduction phase, the current state of manufacturing and how we got there is analyzed. A future context around a complete product-life-cycle is envisioned. Within this vision both the product as well as the factory are explored. The design tasks were performed in parallel, but they will be described in sequence. First the factory will be discussed: a manufacturing concept is synthesized, the underlying principles are analyzed, and a factory classification is done. Then the exemplary-product will be discussed: the underlying principles of product personalization are explored, and the principles of a product within the developed future context are described. The acquired knowledge gets integrated in a design brief and a list of directing requirements. These form together with the future vision, a starting point to design an actual realization of both product and factory in the phase after the Envision phase. Actualization Following the design brief defined in the Envision phase, the conceptualization of both product and production need to go hand in hand. A realizable future production system must be accompanied by a product that showcases this manufacturing method and the other way around: the personalizable product-family requires a production system that is capable of producing these one-off-products at a high production-capacity. Both design tasks were performed in parallel, but they will be described in sequence in this part of the report. First the exemplary-product will be discussed: the choice, the conceptualization, and the embodiment. Then the Transcended production system will be discussed: the required standardization, the proposed production cluster, conceptualization of the production framework and embodiment of the initial prototype. This prototype can then be used for validation of the propped framework in the phase after the Actualization phase. Validation In the Actualization phase a framework is proposed for the full, so called, pick-and-place on-printing process. This framework should be able to produce the designed computer mouse. And a prototype is developed solving the most important FDM-Cabinet embodiment challenges, resulting in a working system. The goals for this prototype are, firstly to demonstrate an initial framework that is able to produce a personalized consumer electronics product from start to finish at a mass-production output capacity (theoretically). And secondly to validate the pick-and-place on-printing process as a feasible method to produce multi-component parts. The Core Functional Requirements for this prototype are discussed and validated in each of following sub-chapters. The last subchapter validates the Core Functional Requirements for the exemplary-product itself. The research findings will then be used for evaluation in the phase after the Validation phase.

A process that started with creating a standard test for viewing the cleaning performance of ultrasonic cleaners on dentures came to a result as the Sonic 1, an ultrasonic denture cleaner for the company Dental Robotics. Cleaning performance, use(r scenario), and aesthetics were essential pillars in the process. Oral hygiene is essential for people’s overall health. Poor oral care is a significant concern among the elderly, especially in nursing homes as older people struggle to take good care of their teeth because they sometimes do not know how, and on the other hand, they are not capable anymore. Proper oral care is necessary for people with their teeth, but also for people with a denture, what a large number of people have in nursing homes. With dentures, infections can quickly occur. Food can be easily trapped between the teeth and will rot as the person does not feel this himself. The current way of cleaning a denture is time consuming, dirty, and it is often forgotten. The starting point of the project will be ultrasonic cleaning, as this technique shows promising features. Testing In order to perform all the test in the same way, a standard test is created. Because dentures with ‘real’ dirt, dentures which are used by people, are not all the time available, fake dirt needed to be found to imitate real dirt. With the created standard test, multiple tests were performed to determine per parameter if changing it improves the cleaning performance a lot. Cleaning agent: a cleaning agent (soap or a denture cleanser) makes sure the denture is better cleaned however, the improvement is not very large. Cleaning a denture alone of upper and lower together: there is no significant difference because at some places it cleaned better and at some places less. Time: a longer cleaning period than five minutes does fit. It is certainly a recommendation to clean longer than five minutes, probably even longer than thirty minutes.
Temperature: The advice concerning cleaning temperature is that a higher temperature than twenty-five degrees is definitely preferable. A temperature between fifty and seventy degrees would be optimal, taking into account that the water also heats up during the process. Orientation: The conclusion from the orientation tests is that the side facing the piezo is cleaned the best and therefore it might be convenient to use multiple piezo’s in one cleaner in order to not have to turn the denture around. Distance: The advice for the parameter of distance to piezo is that it should be as short as possible, as the vibrations are there the strongest. The water is damping the vibrations when the object is placed further away from the source. Final design When the Sonic 1 is turned on, an heating element at the bottom of the tank, heats the water up to fifty degrees Celsius. The sensor keeps on measuring during the cleaning process; if the temperature rises above seventy degrees, the piezo’s are switched off for a certain period of time in order to let the temperature degrease until fifty degrees again. Then the cleaning process is started again. The cleaning process is taking up half an hour, with the piezo’s switching every 1.5 minute. During the whole cleaning process the denture is soaking in the water, which makes the filth looser and easier to remove. When the first piezo removes certain filth, the filth layer below has time to soak and can be easier removed when the first piezo is back on. After the cleaning cycle, the basket is moved upwards out of the water in order for the dentures to dry. At the same time, the motor is also pressing the lid open so air can come in.
Unique selling point of the product As the denture cleaner is specific designed for the nurses of a nursing homes, it has some unique selling points over all other ultrasonic cleaners and other ways of cleaning dentures: The denture cleaner is easy in use as it is possible to pick the cleaner up from the charger by the handle, walk to the sink and fill the product. With disposing the water it is similar. Other ultrasonic cleaners are lacking a spout and/or have the cord attached which makes is harder to walk towards a sink. The denture cleaner is cleaning all sides of the denture as there are more piezo’s in the product.

Agile manufacturing is a method of integration where organisation, people and
technology act as a whole. The NS has proposed an interior vision for 2025. The goal
of this thesis is to “assess the feasibility of Agile Manufacturing for the interior vision
of 2025”. Is the application of Agile Manufacturing feasible within the organisation
NS? Are the application costs realistic for the company? Moreover, are the changes to
adapt agile production desirable within the organisation? To answer these questions,
extensive research has been done which has been divided into four main chapters in
this report: Discover, Design, Develop and Deploy.
The Discover phase consists of a thorough analysis of the subject by doing desktop
research, field research, interviews and more methods to thoroughly analyse the
subject. Requirements were based on the discovery and the norms regarding the
safety of the EU. Multiple interviews and brainstorming sessions were held with
experts of different backgrounds,
The Design phase focused on the technological aspect of Agile Manufacturing.
Therefore, with a focus on Digitalisation, Fabrication and Design automation, multiple
ideas where created. This resulted in an App and two demonstrations that were
developed in the development phase.
In the Develop phase, the App was designed and programmed to give designers and
engineers a quick tool to process different manufacturing techniques, including most
types of 3D printing. The two demonstrations were made to exploit the possibilities within a type of production. Laser cutting and CFF ( Continuous Fiber Fabrication)
were chosen to press the benefits. The App and two demonstrators were tested on
NS employees for their desirability.
The Deploy phase resulted that the App was well desired. However, more development
is needed to make the App work properly. The Laser cut demonstrator needed more
design attention with regards to aesthetics and comfort. The CFF demonstrator was
not desirable due to its price. Future developments that make 3D printing cheaper,
ecological and quicker to produce would regain their interest.

The fourth Industrial Revolution stands for the current trends of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies - which comes with a considerable amount of opportunities as most manufacturers attempt to stay ahead of the competition. One of the possibilities is the addition of FDM printing - one of the types of additive manufacturing, also called 3D printing. Currently, FDM printing techniques are not fully industrialized. There is a significant need for human labor. Therefore, there was a need for a solution - on how to integrate FDM printing techniques in a production line by applying the core design principles of industry 4.0. The final design includes and modular systems with high interconnectivity allowing cyber-physical systems to interact through the smart factory. This project consists of a chapter with an analysis including a company analysis and competitors analysis, the section about FDM printing and industry 4.0 and trend analysis. The ideation phase includes brainstorm sessions, CF session, and decision-making phase. From these ideas, two concepts were developed. In the chapter conceptualization, these two Concepts were tested with three products suitable for 3D printing. Two workflows were made to test these concepts. The most beneficial concept is concluded in physical prototypes - which supports the four pillars of industry 4. The chapter embodiment includes the design with its features including; positioning, continuous printing, automatic refill, temperature control, movement control, quality check and a fitting digital system. Parts of the design were tested with a focus on temperature control, movement control, and positioning. Physical models were built to test positioning and movement control. These steps were evaluated and design drivers from these tests were added to the final design.

This thesis consist of the graduation project executed in cooperation with the municipality of the Hague, at design studio DIDID in the Hague. The beaches of the Hague are cleaned by so called beach cleaners. Beach cleaners are large tractor pulled screening machines that effectively screen/rake garbage from the beach. There is however a problem with these machines. Together with the garbage, large quantities of shells are taken in. This is in-desirable for three reasons. 1: Shells are materials that belong to a natural beach and should therefor not be taken away. 2: Shells help prevent beach erosion because of their sand-clinching characteristics. More shells mean less beach erosion. 3: Shells form a large weight fraction of the material collected by the beach cleaners and therefor account for a large part of the disposal costs. Leaving them on the beach will significantly decrease these costs. This thesis shows the development of the ShellSaver. The ShellSaver is an add on to the current Beach cleaners, It is situated within the large collection container on top of the beach cleaner and separates the shells from the collected garbage in three separation steps. A disc screen separates large garbage from small garbage and shells. The first zigzag wind sifter separates glass and iron from shells and plastics. In the second zigzag wind sifter the shells are separated from the plastics and are returned to the beach. A prototype of the concept was developed and tested on a sample taken from one of the beach cleaners. The chosen combination of separation techniques proved to be capable of executing the desired separation.