Generating hydrogen from renewable energy sources is widely recognized as an effective strategy for addressing critical challenges in the energy sector while contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to assess the wind energy potential for electricity and hydrogen production in five locations on Sumba Island using 10 years (2011–2020) of data from the NASA's POWER Project. A wind variability assessment was performed on five wind turbines ranging from 500 kW to 1.5 MW and using electrolysis technology. The results indicated a hydrogen production potential of 25–57 tons per year. Economic analysis of hydrogen production for Haharu reveals an attractive internal rate of return (IRR) of 43% with a payback period (PBP) of 2.25 years and a net present value (NPV) of 1.3 MM USD, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 0.0241 USD/kWh, and the levelized cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) of 1.01 USD/kg. Sensitivity analysis underscores the critical influence of investment and revenue on project profitability, highlighting their substantial impact on determining a project's success or failure. These findings emphasize the potential of Sumba Island as a hub for sustainable energy production to meet the growing demand for clean and renewable energy sources.

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Indonesia was once one of the main players in incandescent lamp markets. However, Indonesian lighting manufacturers cannot compete with cheaper imported compacted fluorescent (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps; consequently, their market share has significantly reduced. Furthermore, the absence of compulsory standard has led to an abundance of low-quality and low-cost lamps coming from foreign manufacturers. This study aims to propose policies to improve the market share of domestic lighting manufacturers. Data were collected through a survey and series of interviews and focus groups discussions. A causal loop diagram was then drawn based on insights from the primary data to propose systematically arranged policies. The results suggested five recommendations: disseminating local lamp brands through compulsory use in government institutions and state-owned enterprises, implementing MEPS, securing commitments from construction planners and contractors to use local lamps, mandating enforced permit for imported LED lamps, and investing in the LED chip industry. These policy recommendations are expected to increase the market share of local lighting manufacturers. @en

Most countries mitigate climate alter impacts by deploying renewable energy to decarbonize their energy system. One of the emerging renewable energy options is the integration of floating photovoltaic (FPV) and hydropower. The FPV has higher efficiency and helps to reduce evaporation and offset hydropower production during the dry season. Conversely, hydropower can overcome intermittent solar production due to its flexibility. Our study aims to estimate the energy potentials from FPV plants and hydropower integrations in Indonesia. As result, the country has 5,807 potential reservoirs for FPV and 26 hydropower plants with a reservoir area with a potential utilization of more than 1 MW. Those sites are suitable for 3 GW floating power plants and 2.8 GW hydropower. And those sites can reduce CO2 emissions by 2,911,197 tonnes per year. @en

Smart cities offer an opportunity to households to use low-carbon electricity from rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV). The capacity of rooftop solar PV has been growing rapidly in a developed country, especially Australia that has a capacity of 8 GWp in 2018. Developing countries also have a similar aim. For an instance, Indonesia has encouraged the use of rooftop PV through the regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 49 of 2018 concerning the use of rooftop PV systems by consumers of the State-owned Electricity Company. To boost rooftop solar PV investments, Indonesia needs to adopt successful programs in developed countries, such as an application that can provide information on the benefits and costs of rooftop solar PV shortly and comprehensively. Our study aims to create an application, called the electronic survey, monitoring, and reporting of PV (e-SMART PV), application. Compared to other similar applications, e-SMART PV is able to inform the investment costs and potential for electricity production by considering the regulations in Indonesia that are different from developed countries. Moreover, e-SMART also has better economic analysis compared to existing similar applications.@en

Electricity subsidies in Indonesia remain high and tend to increase. Existing studies generally propose electricity subsidy reform through economic price adjustment; however, this option potentially arises political and social conflicts. The government and the State Electricity Company have also undertaken several measures to decrease electricity supply costs but those measures remain ineffective due to increasing energy prices needed as fuels for power generations. Our study analyses the effectiveness of two alternative grants for LED lamps and rooftop photovoltaic (PV), to reduce electricity subsidies for low-income residential customers with 450 VA and 900 VA electricity capacity limits. The analysis result is that replacing existing lamps with LED lamps for all those customers will cost the government US$ 313.7 million but potentially decrease electricity subsidies to US$ 208.7 million/year for 15 years. On the other hand, installing the rooftop PV system is ineffective to bring down the electricity subsidies. The investment cost of the on-grid rooftop PV system is between US$ 827.6 and US$ 1,310.3 per house, while the electricity subsidy savings for 20 years are between US$ 724.1 and US$ 744.8.@en