This paper uses developments across a global range of case countries to justify the updates and explain likely implementations. The aim is to provide readers a state-of-play LADM snapshot, and also provide information on likely future additions, modifications, and functionalities.@en

After two LADM workshops (Delft, March 2017 and Zagreb, April 2018) and three ISO TC211 meetings, where also LADM revision meetings took place (Copenhagen, May 2018, Wuhan, November 2018 and Maribor, June 2019) there is consensus growing towards the new scope of the standard. This new scope is described in this paper, and it is no exaggeration to state that there is a rather spectacular extension of Edition’s I scope. Below a first impression.@en

Land is a valuable and finite resource, particularly in a small country such as Israel. A variety of drives, such as: urbanization and smart utilization of space, is prompting the stakeholders to promote new land policies. These policies should reflect the societal needs and demands as well as factor in and balance between numerous aspects. Furthermore, in recent years the ecological angle, forest and species preservation have become more and more acute, urging in turn for an even stricter land related actions. In most countries around the world - Israel being no exception - land administration system is a decentralized one, that is to say, multiple organizations and government departments are involved. In Israel the spatial component is under the authority of Survey of Israel, whereas the Land Registry Offices, with the Ministry of Justice, are in charge of the legal aspects of land administration. However, there are several more players to consider, such as: Israeli Land Authority which is responsible for the managing of approximately 93 percent of all land; the Planning Administration and Planning Commissions - on both national and local levels - which need up-to-date cadastral and land use information for spatial planning, urban and rural development and adequate allocation of land; and finally the entrepreneurs and private citizens, who too require access to the relevant land data. To ensure consistency in access to data, as well as sharing and exchange thereof, institutional interoperability is crucial. Informed decision making, effective and efficient management of land resources and ultimately economic development and sustainability of a country are dependent on it. In order to achieve this cross-organizational coherence a model-driven approach is required. Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) - ISO 19152 standard, a conceptual model which incorporates both legal and spatial components, offers a common language and provides a solid foundation for establishing a national Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). This paper describes the development of an LADM-based Israeli country profile, in light of the amendment to the Land Law of 1969 which allows the registration of 3D parcels and calls for new affiliated regulations and the utilization of new technologies. An overview of the existing land administration system key components and procedures as well as ongoing and planned enhancements are given.@en

First Edition of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) has three packages related to: Parties (people and organisations); Basic Administrative Units, Rights, Responsibilities, and Restrictions (of ownership rights); spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks) with a sub package for Surveying and Representation (geometry and topology). The latter sub-package provides the functionality to manage observations and cadastral surveys measurements. Contents of LADM implementations are based on authentic source documents, including the names of the persons having a role (responsibility) in the process of the initial data acquisition and/or in the maintenance process. This concerns legal/administrative data and spatial data based on field surveys and observations – where responsible professionals can be conveyors, registrars, surveyors, grassroot surveyors, citizens themselves (participatory surveying) and paralegals. Some of the existing parts of Edition I of the LADM are proposed to be refined in the context of development of Edition II of the standard. This will allow for the inclusion of better structured meta data – also in support of participatory approaches in cadastral surveying. Richer semantics may require more rigid representations of the various Code Lists and the values they contain (adding more structure and using sematic technologies to define meaning of values). An extended survey and legal models are proposed and presented in this paper. This implies adjustments from field observations to the spatial database and the generation of quality labels.@en

The 3rd FIG 3D-Cadastres Questionnaire was conducted and distributed by the end of 2018, with an extended deadline of 15th of January 2019. The questionnaire survey is a part of the FIG working group 3D-Cadastres activities for the period of 2018-2022. The purpose of this survey is to prepare a comprehensive inventory of the current (2018) state of 3D Cadastres worldwide, to explore the near future (2022) plans and expectations in the field and to evaluate the progress during the past four years. Sharing and dissemination of this information, enable to improve cooperation, to learn from each other and to support future developments as well as to encourage collaboration between various countries and jurisdictions. As can be determined from the title, this is the third time that the questionnaire on 3D-Cadastres is being carried out. The first version was administered in 2010 in order to document the status of 2010 3D Cadastres and of the then upcoming 2014 expectations. This was followed by a second questionnaire in 2014 (with status of 2014 and ambitions for 2018). The previous responses (van Oosterom et al., 2011; van Oosterom et al., 2014) were analyzed and reported at earlier FIG events (Working Weeks and workshops). The structure of the 3rd questionnaire has remained rather similar. All of the sections and the numbering of the questions were preserved to allow straightforward comparison with the earlier questionnaires and identification of potential trends. A few questions have been refined for clarification and several new questions have been added at the end of the sections. In this paper the main results of the analysis of the submitted 2018-2022 questionnaire are presented together with an analogy drawn between the past and present responses.@en

ISO standards, which are actually being applied, are subject to periodic revision, typically in a 6 to 10-year cycle. A UN-GGIM Meeting of the Expert Group on Land Administration and Management was held on 14-15 March 2017, in Delft and the main conclusion was that the revision of LADM was indeed needed in order to provide better tools to improve tenure security and better land and property rights for all. It was also noted that land administration is a rather complex domain, and thus the revision will involve many stakeholders, namely: ISO, FIG, OGC, UN-Habitat, UN-GGIM, World bank, GLTN (Global Land Tool Network), IHO, RICS, etc.. Further goals of the revision include: providing reliable Land Administration Indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), developing standard(s) supporting a Fit-for-Purpose approach, paying attention to implementations and tools (not just conceptual model), and inclusion of valuation information (which might help to define/support the Fit-for-Purpose approach). In order to prepare the LADM revision, two workshops were organized: 16-17 March 2017 (Delft) and 11-13 April 2018 (Zagreb), with experts involved in the development of the initial version of LADM and representatives of all the mentioned stakeholders. For the purpose of the revision, it is important to analyze and compare currently operational and proposed country profiles and their implementations of the first version of LADM, ISO 19152:2012. This paper gives an overview of the status of developments and the related proposals. @en