In the planning stage of new infrastructure or when designing renovation of existing infrastructure, information about existing slope movements or settlements is essential to make informed design decisions. Interferometric
Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques can be of value to identify these risks in an early stage of a project. InSAR can offer insight into the surface movements of an area from historic archives using satellite-based SAR
data. Furthermore, InSAR observations can help identify zones with displacements larger than the average of an area, and be used to plan future soil investigation more effectively. Thanks to their high temporal and spatial resolution, InSAR observations can also complement in situ conventional monitoring during the construction and operational stage. Despite these possibilities, the use of InSAR is not yet standard practice in geotechnical projects
and no formal guidelines are currently available to inform engineers, planners and infrastructure stakeholder on the use of InSAR-based monitoring within geotechnical design codes. Here we provide an operational framework for the practical integration of InSAR monitoring into current geotechnical design codes, such as Eurocode-7, for all project stages. The proposed framework is then demonstrated for the planning stage of a highway renovation project, focusing on an area potentially subjected to landslides where no conventional monitoring
data was available at this stage. We concluded that the proposed framework is a practical and operational
tool that can be used by planners and engineers in the whole lifecycle of an infrastructure project.@en

In this work, we investigate if, when, and how satellite InSAR can be used for evaluating surface settlements that occur during shield tunnelling in soft soil areas. We evaluate the applicability of InSAR prior, during, and after tunnel construction. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of the InSAR phase ambiguities in relation to short-term settlements that may occur during tunnel construction. We demonstrate that a rough analytic settlement prediction can be sufficient to resolve the most probable phase ambiguity level, leading to an augmented implementation of InSAR. We use the shield tunnel of the in North/South Metro Line Amsterdam as a case study, where surface levelling data is available to assess and validate the results. We conclude that InSAR is a valuable complementary source of information as it provides data outside the area of the conventional surveying benchmarks and it reveals relevant information about settlement patterns before and after traditional construction monitoring periods.@en

This paper investigates the use of InSAR data during shield tunnel construction when short-term settlements occur within a few days. Additionally, the long-term settlement, which occur over several years, in the vicinity of these tunnels are evaluated with inSAR. The North-South Line in Amsterdam is used as a case study for this research. We used the settlement during construction as a-priori information to determine the most likely unwrapping solution for a few selected InSAR points. Then we verified this outcome with the traditional monitoring of the surface levelling points during construction and finally used only the InSAR to evaluate the long-term settlements. We conclude that with prior information InSAR data can be processed correctly and that InSAR can capture the short-term settlement that occur immediately during construction of a shield tunnel. Also, InSAR is a valuable complementary source of information because it provides data outside the area of the levelling points and gives information about settlement patterns prior to and after construction.

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In 2006 the Betuwe Route including three bored tunnels; was opened. Since then nearly 10 years of operation had passed when in 2015, new construction works in the vicinity of the tunnels was undertaken. During constructions the interaction needed to be evaluated. For that, systematic surveys by laser scanning in the tunnels where performed and additional ring joint rotations were evaluated. It appeared that the soft soil conditions at the Botlek tunnel leads to larger deformations, whereas the design of the rubber sealings at Pannerden is more critical for additional deformations. For the Botlek tunnel the unfavourable situations was Ramps being built in close vicinity of the tunnels, whereas at Pannerden at one cross section clay deposits from an adjacent Stone forging factory need to be relocated and at another location a cross passage needs to be built over the tunnel approach. Characteristic data from both tunnels is shown.

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De aanhoudende groei van wind- en zonne-energie maakt de vraag naar een duurzaam en betrouwbaar energieopslagsysteem steeds urgenter. In het afstudeeronderzoek van Marius Hendriks (TU Delft, Civiele Techniek) is gekeken naar de potentie van een kleinschalig, duurzaam energieopslagsysteem. Allereerst is onderzocht op welke manier het systeem de meeste energie kan leveren en vervolgens is er een ontwerp gemaakt waarbij dit opslagsysteem wordt toegepast. @en