The traditional methodology for conducting technical assessments of multi-energy systems involved using domain-specific modeling tools to focus on the energy sector of interest, while making simplifying assumptions about any coupled energy sector. This was acceptable since the interactions between energy domains were minimal. However, with the expectation of an increased adoption of energy conversion technologies (such as power to X (P2X) systems: power to heat, power to gas, etc.) in the future, and consequently higher interaction between various energy sectors and stronger dependence on one another, there is a need to update the current method for conducting technical assessments. This means taking into account not only the energy sector of interest, but also any dependent energy sectors, and the associated energy transformers (P2X). In this paper, we propose a co-simulation based approach to conduct simulation-based technical assessments of multi-energy systems, which allows us to couple domain specific modeling tools. We re-introduce the tool ENERGYSIM to conduct the multi-energy system co-simulations. We motivate the importance of the proposed tool and compare it with other available tools. We highlight its main functionalities, and using a study case, we show how a multi-stakeholder, multi-energy system co-simulation can be set up and assessed.

This chapter presents a general overview of the experience learned with the use of DIgSILENT PowerFactory in the design of theoretical lectures and practical sessions of a power system dynamics course at postgraduate level. This chapter focuses on the experiences acquired in the course that is part of the MSc program in Electrical Engineering of TU Delft, Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy. The discussion provided in this chapter focuses on power systems application with special focus on (i) Steady-state, Dynamic, (ii) Voltage Stability and (iii) rotor angle stability. The main objective of using PowerFactory at MSc level is to expose the postgraduate students to real-life application, however, without lack of generalisation this chapter is dedicated to the is to expose to the application above by using a very well-known two area-four machine test power system (2A4G), it gives students insights and experience with cases closer to actual power systems. Results of this pedagogical experience demonstrate the importance of incorporating appropriate power system simulations tools in the postgraduate level.

To counter the inherent intermittent and unpre dictable power generation from large amounts of wind and solar, fast-acting resources are required, one of the options being sector coupling via power to gas devices. Industrial Power to Gas (IPtG) resources, such as an electrolyzer, represent an attractive solution to satisfy the rising energy flexibility needs of renewable-rich power systems. Since these electrolyzers can be asked to respond quickly following steep power ramps of renewables, it is imperative to understand their capabilities and limitations in fulfilling such requirements. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we introduce a detailed model of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer suitable for power system flexibility studies. Second, using this model we assess large scale electrolyzer as a flexibility service provider (FSP) to the grid. To evaluate electrolyzer performance, we construct the V-I characteristic curve before and after simulating each test case to derive insights on the influence of time and dynamic operation on the electrolyzer system.

The evolved smart grid has become a cyber physical energy system that could be exposed to a massive amount of cyber threats. Vulnerabilities within the cyber part can be used to launch multiple types of attacks that corrupt the physical system. The complexity of cyber physical energy system, the existing of different kinds of attacks, require an appropriate tool to aid in modeling and simulation for cyber security analysis. In this paper, we introduce a modeling language - Modelica to the security community of cyber physical system. We show the capability of Modelica in modeling complex systems and attacks by building up a power grid model with frequency control loop (i.e., automatic generation control), as well as data integrity attack and data availability attack models. The simulation results show how different types of attacks or even combined attacks can affect the system frequency stability.

Energy flexibility is key to integrating more renewables into the grid. An essential contributor to enabling energy flexibility is P2X technologies such a Power2Heat, Power2Gas, among others. To evaluate the flexibility available from these resources and the impact they can have on the electrical grid, complex simulations need to be set up that may not always be possible using traditional simulation tools, given the multi-domain nature of such systems. Hence, the need for intelligent simulation techniques arises. This paper introduces a co-simulation tool, FMUWorld, to overcome simulation problems for complex energy systems. We use a multi-energy co-simulation and an energy flexibility analysis as use cases to explore the capabilities of the proposed tool. The ease-of-use offered by FMUWorld is shown to allow users to focus more on analysis of the system, such as parameter sensitivity, system optimisation, etc., rather than co-simulation setup. The paper highlights the key features and functionalities of FMUWorld that make it a novel tool for cosimulation of multi-energy systems.

The value-proposition for Microgrids depends largely on the need and application. A Microgrid can be described as a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DER) inside some distinct electrical boundaries that act as a single controllable unit relating to the grid. It should be capable of safe transitioning from the grid and reconnection back to the grid; with the voltages, frequency, etc. of all devices still operating within their allowed limits. Although system resilience and continuous supply is one of the main proponents for the establishment of microgrids, it could also be used to electrify an off grid or remote area, far from the grid. The mode of operation as well as generation types and sources, together with the current protection devices and schemes, will determine the extent of power system studies that will be conducted when planning and designing a Microgrid. This paper highlights the typical power system studies that needs to be considered, when designing aa Microgrid.