Deployable Vortex Generators based on Shape Memory Alloy Actuation

Abstract

This research addresses the challenge of improving aerodynamic performance by delaying flow separation using deployable vortex generators (VGs) actuated by shape memory alloys. These VGs combine passive and active elements to enhance mixing within the boundary layer, restoring momentum near the wall and minimizing separation in an Adverse Pressure Gradient (APG). A literature review identified a gap in understanding the dynamics of shape-adaptive VGs. Through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental studies, the research optimized VG designs for aerodynamic efficiency. Results showed that counter-rotating vanes were most effective in controlling flow, while side load and yaw moment challenges necessitated robust actuation mechanisms. A novel design using rigid vane actuators and shape memory alloys for precise adjustments was proposed to address these issues. This study significantly advances the understanding and application of shape-adaptive VGs in flow control.