Op de huidige Nederlandse woningmarkt heerst een krapte, waardoor de doorstroming van de woningmarkt is vastgelopen. Er is sprake van een kwantitatieve en een kwalitatieve mismatch op de woningmarkt; zowel in aantallen als in type woningen sluiten vraag en aanbod niet op elkaar aan. Hierdoor zijn de instroomkansen of doorstroomkansen voor starters en jonge gezinnen verkleind (Van der Heijden & Boelhouwer, 2018). Om de doorstroming weer op gang te brengen, is het noodzakelijk om een oplossing te vinden, waarmee de mismatch in de toekomst kan worden verkleind. In dit onderzoek wordt de rol van de empty-nester als belangrijk onderdeel van de oplossing gezien. Empty-nesters bezitten veel eengezinswoningen, wonen ruim en kunnen in de toekomst meer zorgbehoefte verwachten (Crutzen & Hagen, 2020; Daalhuizen et al., 2009). Wanneer de empty-nesters verhuizen en daarmee woningen voor starters of jonge gezinnen beschikbaar komen, kunnen verhuisbewegingen en daardoor de doorstroming op de woningmarkt weer beter op gang komen (Buys & Hu, 2018). De empty-nesters verhuizen in de meeste gevallen echter niet, omdat zij in hun huidige situatie nog geen goede alternatieven zien (Rli, 2020). Omdat veel empty-nesters deze stap zelf niet zullen nemen, zullen zij uitgenodigd moeten worden om deze verhuisbeweging wel te gaan maken. Het doel van het huidige onderzoek is om inzichtelijk te maken wat de effecten zijn van sturingsmaatregelen, gericht op empty-nesters, op de doorstroming op de Nederlandse woningmarkt. Hiervoor is de volgende onderzoeksvraag opgesteld: ‘Hoe kan de impact van sturingsmaatregelen gericht op de Nederlandse woningmarkt en het uitnodigen van empty-nesters om te verhuizen inzichtelijk gemaakt worden, met als doel de doorstroming op de woningmarkt te vergroten?’ De Raad voor de leefomgeving en infrastructuur (hierna: Rli) (2020) en de Raad voor Volksgezondheid & Samenleving (hierna: RVS) (2020) onderschrijven het belang en de noodzaak van het maken van beleid om verhuisbewegingen, en daarmee de doorstroming op de woningmarkt, op gang te brengen. Zo wordt door de Rli (2020) een toetsingssysteem aanbevolen die de impact van sturingsmaatregelen kan testen. Om een antwoord te kunnen geven op de onderzoeksvraag, is de woningmarkt in zowel de huidige als toekomstige situatie geanalyseerd aan de hand van het DAS-raamwerk van De Jonge et al. (2009) & Van der Zwart et al. (2009). De gegevens voor de analyse komen van het reeds beschikbare databestand van het WOoN2018. Er is een operationeel onderzoek gedaan met als uitkomst een product dat inzichtelijk maakt wat de effecten op de doorstroming van de woningmarkt zijn van sturingsmaatregelen, zoals verhuisvergoedingen, grondprijssubsidiëring, collectieve woonvormen en sociale woningbouw, welke zijn gericht op het uitnodigen van empty-nesters om te verhuizen. De ontwerpcyclussen van Hevner (2007) zijn als basis gebruikt bij het creëren van dit product. Om het product vorm te geven, is een lineair programmeringsmodel gecreëerd, dat kan doorrekenen wat de effecten zijn van sturingsmaatregelen op de doorstroming van de woningmarkt. De resultaten uit het ontwikkelde model in het huidige onderzoek laten zien dat door het toevoegen van duurdere woningen aan de woningmarkt er meer verhuisbewegingen plaatsvinden. Deze verhuisbewegingen worden vergroot wanneer er bij de nieuwbouwproductie rekening wordt gehouden met de voorkeuren van empty-nesters. Bovendien wordt door deze verhuisbeweging van empty-nesters een reeks verhuizingen teweeggebracht, waardoor er aan het einde van de verhuisketen woningen vrijkomen voor starters. De resultaten wijzen tevens uit dat er een nieuwbouwproductie van 1,5 miljoen woningen nodig is om tot het jaar 2040 aan de groeiende vraag te kunnen voldoen. Tot slot laten de resultaten zien dat het uitnodigen van empty-nesters om te verhuizen bijdraagt aan het verkleinen van zowel de kwantitatieve als de kwalitatieve mismatch. Concluderend laat het huidige onderzoek zien dat beleid, specifiek gericht op het uitnodigen van empty-nesters om te verhuizen, getest kan worden op de gevolgen voor de doorstroming van de woningmarkt door de impact van sturingsmaatregelen inzichtelijk te maken aan de hand van een lineair programmeringsmodel.

Architects contribute to the cultural, social, economic, environmental, and technological aspects of society. However, architects face several challenges due to high levels of urbanization, lower financials for projects and the emergence of new professionals and contracts, that lessen the scopes of architects. Architects in developing nations face additional problems due to lower financial capacity, weak governance, and political instability. The vulnerable nature of the construction industry along with additional problems faced by developing countries paralyze the development of architecture practices in the Philippines. There is a need to adjust traditional professional practices to create more opportunities for Architecture Engineering and Construction professionals. This research focuses on how architecture professional practices in the Philippines create future-proof business models by integrating corporate real-estate management services.
The study creates a framework for Philippine architects to expand their business opportunities through adapting practices and techniques used by Dutch architects. Through a qualitative multiple case-study approach, the business model transitions between purely architectural firms to architecture-CREM practices of three Dutch architecture firms are analyzed using the Business Model Canvas by Osterwalder et al. (2010). After which, archetypes based on these three companies are created and then tested in the Philippine context through Expert Interviews. Feedback on the adaptability of each archetype’s business model and profile are discussed. The results indicate that the most adaptable architecture-CREM business models for the Philippines are those that focus on CREM activities within the Construction and Maintenance quadrants within the Project Lifecycle (Emmitt, 1999). While the strategies differ, the most important building blocks in the canvas present to be the Key Activities, Key Resources, Key Partnerships, Cost Structure and Revenue Streams.

The (re)construction of hospitals is a complicated process because of the wide range of activities by different users in these buildings. When real estate managers and designers team up with hospital stakeholders, it results in better project outcomes. This collaboration benefits from appropriate visualisation tools. Both physical mock-ups and virtual visualisation tools are no longer an exception in such projects with various stakeholders. Therefore, maximising the contribution of the visualisation tools becomes more critical. Currently, there is a limited knowledge on how visualisation tools are used best to involve the stakeholders within hospital (re)construction projects. This thesis addresses the following research question: ‘How can visualisation tools contribute to the involvement of stakeholders in hospital (re)construction project?’ Four underlying questions are studied to address this question: 1) which hospital stakeholders are involved and how; 2) which visualisation tools are used and how; 3) when in the design process are the visualisation tools used; 4) what impact the visualisation tools have in hospital (re)construction projects. A systematic literature review and three hospital case studies, including 21 stakeholder interviews, have been conducted. The resulting findings are validated by an external expert panel. The findings show that visualisation tools support the involvement of hospital stakeholders by enforcing communication and improving stakeholders understanding. The visualisation tools positively impact: 1) gathering stakeholders design feedback; 2) forming compromises; 3) creating design support and enthusiasm. In general, visualisation tools have a positive effect on stakeholders' involvement; however, it depends on when in the design process and for what purpose the tools are used. Inadequate use of virtual visualisation tools can mislead stakeholders since virtual visualisations show design details that might not be decided yet. The physical mock-ups and virtual visualisation tools have different purposes and complimentary benefits in hospital (re)construction projects. Using the visualisation tools, depending on the to be served purpose, one should gradually show more realistic visualisations. A combination of visualisation tools has the highest impact when in early design phases, coarse physical mock-ups are used, and virtual visualisation tools reveal refinements at a later design phase.

The Netherlands is facing a problem with their current housing stock. Predictions warn about the need for approximately one million houses for 2035. Alongside the shortage a lot of the people do not live in a dwelling which is their preference. A design for a housing complex for the young-old, people aged between 55 and 75 without children living at home, in the transformed harbour area in the Merwe-Vierhavens in Rotterdam contributes to a solution for both of these issues at hand. By designing and developing dwellings that seduce the young-old to relocate a broader living happiness can be established. Firstly the young-old get a home that better meets their needs and secondly a wider range of single family dwellings will come available for starters and young families. Promoting social encounters between the residents and offering a wide range of dwelling types that can be adaptable for old-age offers the baseline for a design for the young-old. These two principles shape the base of this graduation project focused on the young-old. The young-old deserve a home where they can enjoy the rest of their life and look without any worry towards the future.

The Netherlands is rapidly ageing, while at the same time, seniors themselves are also changing in comparison to previous generations, leading to changing housing demands. Collaborative housing addresses several of these new demands effectively. Nonetheless, collaborative housing is laborious and risky. Therefore, this research investigates how to improve collaborative housing and its development process, in the context of seniors. The main research question is “How can young seniors positively contribute to the realisation process of appropriate housing for themselves?”, where a preference is made for appropriate housing being collaborative housing. Additionally, the research focuses on seniors between the ages of 55 and 65. The main research question is answered through the following five sub research questions:
What are the housing demands of young seniors, and through which criteria’s do they judge their environment?
How will the housing demands of young seniors change over the coming decades? What government policies affect the match, and how? What are the key constraints affecting the development process? How can the constraints be alleviated? 
The research takes an empirical, qualitative approach. To operationalise the research questions, Grounded Theory is adopted, with a range of methods and data collection methods: desk research and interviews. The objective of the research is to create knowledge for seniors and external actors involved with these projects, about the nature and common pitfalls of these development processes. The findings show that there are eight aspects of housing that are important to seniors: apartment in a unique building, 70-100m2, a green/sustainable environment, on the edge of town, privacy-oriented, future-proof, with influence on resident selection, and a diverse group of residents. Seven motivations were discovered: positive reinforcement, exploration - new activities - new people, enjoyment, support, cognitive vitality, a chance to redesign life, and the fact that children moved out. From both the government and market perspective, it became clear that there will be more seniors, and that their housing demands will further diversify over the coming decades. Government entities seem to focus on the demographic aspects of the developments, where all entities except provinces seem to have a good amount of knowledge. The market focuses more on the solution required for these demographic changes. Seniors can count on direct and indirect policies, where the majority of policies are of a financial nature (loan, grants and guarantees). There are some ‘ecosystem’ policies in place. One direct policy from the national government provides significant financial support, while most other direct and indirect policies are less significant. Twenty-five constraints were found, present over five constraint categories: economic, legal, process, social, and communicative. Based on presence of constraints across phases, five constraints were found to be most impactful. To alleviate the constraints, 24 tasks were found for residents, and three for municipalities. The tasks occur mostly in the early phases of the projects, and the majority of them involve external advisors. In conclusion, seniors should seek to organise their resident group as professionally as possible, and where possible, “import” the necessary knowledge.