The Netherlands is facing a housing shortage and adequate housing provision is lacking. Citizens are eager to act on their own through bottom-up initiatives. However, bottom-up initiatives (such as cooperative housing) do not thrive within the current housing market and therefore significant development of cooperative housing in the Netherlands stays off. This research aims to support the development of cooperative housing in the Netherlands. This is being achieved through constructing an alternative reality of the housing market through composing a play script. The script is being informed by interviews, literature review and analysing case study projects. The interviews were conducted among the present stakeholders (the academic, the advocate, the architect, the bank, the cooperative, the developer, the dweller, the municipality). All together, the research hopes to transfer these thoughts and findings on cooperative housing to continue this collective process.

Collaborations and partnerships between supplying parties are of great importance for adopting circular principles in the built environment and should be investigated within the development of circular supply chain management (CSCM). Therefore, the focus of this research is on collaboration opportunities within CSCM, where the need for active and dynamic actor networks, supply chain learning, future visions and circular business models will be discussed in more detail. During this research I worked together with the Municipality of Rotterdam through an internship. They also found research into collaboration opportunities within CSCM interesting and necessary. Besides, they added that they wondered what the role of the municipality could and should be in supporting (local) circular supply chain collaboration (CSCC) in order to scale up the circular renovation of the private housing stock in Rotterdam. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this research is advising the Municipality of Rotterdam on their position in this innovative process of CSCC. To achieve this goal, this research focusses on the following research question: How could CSCC be facilitated by municipalities to achieve upscaling of circular renovation of Dutch owner-occupied housing? First, an analysis into the state-of-the-art has been carried out, which has looked into the current circular construction and renovation concepts and principles being used in Europe, the Netherlands and the city of Rotterdam. Based on this analysis, the following research variables have been identified, which needed to be further investigated: adoption of innovations, actor networks, supply chain learning, future visions and circular business models. Second, a literature review is given of relevant theories and concepts related to these variables, which has identified the main research indicators that I wanted to use to reflect upon during and after the empirical part of the research (listed in the theoretical framework). Third, a stakeholder analysis has been carried out, consisting of two phases of semi-structured interviews, an (additional) internal survey and a focus group discussion. In the first interview phase, interviews were held with public parties, including municipalities, universities and knowledge institutions. In the second interview phase, interviews were held with private parties and civil organizations, including actors of different (local) market parties, branch organizations within the building sector and interest groups for homeowners. This analysis has resulted in four main barriers of CSCC in which the municipality could exert influence: insufficient internal integration, insufficient communication, insufficient realisation and insufficient facilitation. To find more clarity with regard to the first main barrier, an internal survey was circulated within the municipality, which provided more insights from a broader group of employees from different clusters and departments. The remaining three main barriers have been discussed within a focus group, where I have investigated from a management perspective whether the suggested opportunities in terms of (more) concrete strategies mentioned by different stakeholders, will work or not to solve these identified barriers and mismatches in practice. Fourth, the results of the stakeholder analysis have been compared with literature, examining the importance of obtained solutions for the identified mismatches in more detail. This has resulted in an advisory action plan for the Municipality of Rotterdam, which states that the municipality should act as a director and should focus more on the following main tasks: (1) Internal integration: stimulate and coordinate internal integration between colleagues, visions, ambitions and social challenges of different clusters and departments. (2) Communication: create an open, transparent and accessible local communication network between public and private parties, including the municipality, knowledge institutions, market parties, interest groups for homeowners and residents. (3) Realisation: implement developed circular and modular building and renovation ideas, principles and concepts, starting with designating municipal buildings and public space where the local market is given the opportunity to experiment. (4) Facilitation: offer various municipal (learning) tools to help the local market in the start-up phase, like (online) theme sessions, comprehensive courses and teaching programs/workshops. The full advice is drawn up on the basis of these four main tasks. Practical recommendations are given that could be a positive stimulus for CSCC to achieve upscaling of circular renovation of Dutch owner-occupied housing. These recommendations answer the main research question.

In recent years, overtourism has become a big problem for many European cities. In Amsterdam, tourism is changing the experience of place of its city centre, which negatively affects resident’s quality of life by causing feelings of alienation. As a result, more and more residents seem to retreat or move away from Amsterdam’s city centre, jeopardizing the livability and residential function of the city.

The aim of this research is to add architectural interventions in the city centre of Amsterdam, which will evoke new connections with the places overwhelmed by tourists, by mitigating feelings of alienation between residents and tourists. These connections must both be social, as well as to place, in order to introduce a new, more social, sustainable and liveable way of tourism.

In this research, the embodied experiences of Amsterdam's overwelming places such as the Jordaan, the Canal Belt, the Oudezijdse Burgwallen and the Lastage have been studied by means of narratives. These narratives were created from both the resident’s and the tourist’s perspective, in order to find out which (spacial) qualities of place evoke a sense of identification, belonging or connection among the residents and tourists. Ultimately, from the collection of narratives the users, activity, experience of place, structure and architectural atmosphere of the overwelmed places are defined, and together form a concept for the architectural interventions that will mitigate the feelings of alienation.

In last decades, the housing sector have been going through profound transformations imposed by the society’s changes. The number of city dwellers is increasing all over the World, especially in the Global South where the shift from rural to urban life is still ongoing. Nevertheless, the resulting strategies to cope with the challenges that are following this escalation have often proved to be ineffective, leaving part of the population in miserable condition, unable to access proper housing and services. Particularly in developing countries, the lack of proper unifying urban strategies has led to the proliferation of gated communities, both formal and informal. As a result, a fracture between public and private space has been created. The aftermath of this phenomena are the lack of security and the communities’ alienation. Also, the call for progress, the attempt to build a modern ideal city and the pressure from the housing market have led to the erasure of the existing historical fabric, thus both tangible and intangible heritage. Therefore, the thesis’ pivot is the border-boundary condition and the transitional spaces as the crucial threshold toward an integrated and cohesive system, regarding physical transition, income groups, and technology. The project envisions an area where different income groups can come together, providing a regular and varied scheme, together with special urban condition. The in-between spaces, translated form the one observed and studied on site, provide a physical transition from public to private space and from existing to new architecture. Likewise, the technological feature aim at providing a solution which can be adapted and work in different conditions. The final intent is to realize a neighborhood where the local community will be supported believing also that this will lead also to the support of the incoming fabric as well.

The graduation started from the seismic studio of architecture engineering and designing a earthquake proof architecture. The context of the design in located in the historical garden of Uithuizen in Groningen, which is a potential seismic area. The research focuses on the three different aspects which are seismic principles, biomimetic structure and biomimic climate. The final design is attempting to responding to the environmental, historical, social and seismic context with the method which I researched in the first part. The program of my design is a botanical education center for young children in uithuizen. As for technology part, I chose the solar-tracking panels and intelligent light diffusion glass to achieve my final goal: communicating with nature in the ways of architecture and human experience.

International attention towards energy efficiency improvement is growing, pressuring the built environment to become more sustainable. Part of this energy efficiency improvement must be achieved at Dutch primary school buildings, but insufficient- and separation of budgets complicate the development of sustainable school buildings. Subject to this financial pressure, the current poor state of primary school buildings in terms of indoor environmental quality is, and will remain insufficient. Affecting performance, productivity and health of students and staff, and additionally having a monetary impact on school boards.
The inability to achieve energy efficiency in combination with good indoor environmental quality, within the available financial means, is for a large part explained by a lack of knowledge and experience in building renovation by many Dutch school boards. Often, indoor environmental quality is one of the first things to suffer from insufficient funds. A decision-making framework is developed to provide school boards with the necessary knowledge and insight to better finance and organize renovation projects, providing more (financial) room to address the indoor environmental quality of their school buildings. Leading to more balanced school buildings in terms of People (indoor environmental quality), Planet (energy efficiency), and Profit (costs).
This framework comprises of a decision flowchart, supplemented by sustainable measure packages, that facilitates school boards in the renovation decision making process. The flowchart provides school boards insight in the decision-making process, (technical, financial and organizational) renovation opportunities, and effects of-, and on-, indoor environmental quality. This flowchart is developed using desk research, qualitative interviews and expert meetings. Then tested by obtaining qualitative expectations in interviews with school boards and a focus group with financial experts.
The expectations are that the decision-framework does provide more insight in the renovation decision-making process and opportunities, and that this could lead to better financing and organization of school building renovation projects. By raising problem awareness about indoor environmental quality effects, the framework is also expected to contribute to improved indoor environmental quality in renovated school buildings.
For further research, guiding school boards in contracting market parties is advised. This addition should present how to challenge contractors to come up with smart solutions to fulfil the ambitions of school boards. Furthermore, the flowchart should be tested by ’eenpitters’ (school boards managing a single school), as they are often mentioned as key beneficiary. Also, the development of a digital version of the flowchart could enable easy use and sharing of the tool as well as easy coupling with other existing instruments.
Finally, for further development the following ’rules’ should be kept in mind: the strength of the flowchart is in its simplicity, don’t develop something new, bring together existing instruments, and use the language of the educational sector.