This thesis introduces the “city stack” framework and the concept of the “typology grid” to analyze and procedurally generate cities using publicly available geospatial data. It builds upon existing urban morphology research and combines existing metrics with new metrics to examine road networks and building footprints across 43 cities worldwide. The resulting unsupervised clustering of road patterns produced mixed outcomes: some global road typologies were consistently identified, while others lacked clarity or validity. Supervised classification of building typologies showed potential for city generation applications but faced challenges related to data quality and validation methods.
To encode the captured urban form, the typology grid was introduced, which allows for straightforward comparison between cities and links the analysis phase with the generation phase. While this approach simplifies complex urban patterns for better understanding, it may oversimplify details needed for effective city regeneration, needing future research into parameterizing the grid.
The simulated annealing optimization technique was applied to generate new city models to produce typology grids resembling those of actual cities. It proved a promising method, with relatively plausible results from just a few shape-based rules in the objective function. Computation time and grid size were a limiting factor, ruling out real-time use. The road and building generation methods based on the typology grid and city stack framework demonstrated the approach’s feasibility but indicated that further refinement is necessary.
Further contributions by this thesis are an open source command line tool for analyzing the urban form real-life cities based on publicly available geospatial data, a proof of concept tool for generating cities, and a publicly available dataset of the analyzed cities.
In conclusion, the city stack framework and typology grids offer a viable method for captur- ing and generating urban form and can be used as a starting point for future research.

The present report is the end result of the project that was carried out as part of the Geomatics Synthesis Project in cooperation with AllMaps, an open-source platform dedicated to the viewing and georeferencing of historic maps. The main objective of the project was to automatically georeference historic map series curated and digitised by the Dutch National Archive. This was based on the  corner coordinates of the map sheets. The first issue that had to be tackled was the reprojection of the original coordinates which were in Bonne projection
to WGS84 coordinates. To determine the corners of the map content within the sheets two methods were implemented. The first one detects the lines based on HoughLines Probabilistic Transformation and the second one detects lines based on the distribution of black pixels in the rows and columns of the images. In addition to map sheets with corner coordinates, there are two other sets of images which were georeferenced utilising a convolution neural network that performs feature matching. The feature matching was performed by running the two sets of images against the georeferenced sheets with known corner coordinates. To minimise the search space for this process a geocoder was used to determine the approximate location of the image. The implemented methods appear to hold the potential for georeferencing old map series. It is worth noting that the developed algorithms, while effective in many cases, may encounter challenges when dealing with irregularities on map sheets caused by the passage
of time, such as damage. Consequently, there is a great opportunity to further enhance the algorithms to ensure they can consistently and accurately georeference images, even when faced with such irregularities. This ongoing development will lead to improved georeferencing accuracy and user confidence.

Een onderzoek naar de politieke, maatschappelijke en stilistische rol van architectonische stijl op de wereldtentoonstelling in Chicago in 1893. Dit onderzoek gaat specifiek in op de keuze voor de neoclassicistische stijl voor de White City en de gevolgen die dit op de architectuurgeschiedenis van de Verenigde Staten heeft gehad.