Rectangular jets exhibit axis-switching behavior which results in enhanced flow entrainment compared to round jets. This feature allows for their potential industrial use as passive flow controllers in mixing applications. However, rectangular jets have received limited attention compared to round jets. To operate rectangular jets optimally, a better understanding on the underlying phenomena influencing the axis-switching of the jet is required. In this paper, Direct Numerical Simulations of rectangular jets are performed at different injection velocities using the Local Front Reconstruction Method (LFRM) to track the liquid–gas interface. The simulations are validated using experiments in a similar range of Weber and Reynolds numbers. The obtained results showed that LFRM can accurately capture the jet oscillations, break-up lengths and droplet sizes observed experimentally. Additionally, a fully developed velocity profile at the nozzle outlet enhances the jet stability resulting in larger break-up length values compared to a uniform velocity profile.

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Objective: This article describes an approach to a metrics-based evaluation of public space in hospitals using cross-disciplinary qualitative and quantitative analyses. The method, Indoor Public Space Measurement (IPSM), is well suited to researchers and designers who intend to evaluate user-centered spatial solutions in hospitals and similar facilities. Background: Healthcare is transiting toward a value-based policy at all levels. Choosing the right set of qualitative and quantitative analyses to support value-based design solutions is not always an easy journey for healthcare design consultants. This article seeks to pull together the key analyses to evaluate the impact of the hospital indoor public space on the psychosocial well-being of the hospital users. Method: A step-by step guide to performing key analyses to evaluate the impact of hospital indoor public space environment on the users’ psychosocial well-being is provided. A case study from the authors’ research is utilized to illustrate the application of the method. Results: Interpolating the results of all the analyses, the reader can identify where in the layout most of interactions among users occur, identify their typology and evaluate the contribution to the general psychosocial well-being, and know which group of users is more exposed to a specific typology of interaction. Conclusions: The IPSM method can help design consultants to measure the impact of the built environment of hospital public space on its occupants’ psychosocial well-being: factual knowledge about the users’ behavioral response with respect to wayfinding and social interaction. The application of the method is not limited to healthcare settings only. @en