Emerging access/egress transport modes to and from railway stations may play a vital role in the future performance and usage of public transport. To learn about these modes, their acceptability, and attractiveness, we performed a case study at Delft Campus train station in the Netherlands, using a stated preference experiment. We investigated travellers’ preferences towards shared bicycles, shared e-steps, shared e-scooters, automated vehicles (individuals and shuttles), and the importance of time, costs, and availability of these modes to access or egress this small-sized hub. Furthermore, we studied the impacts of two contextual situations: weather conditions and carrying luggage, affecting mode choice. The results indicate that travel costs have much higher importance than travel time for accessing or egressing from a small hub, and Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) usage is positively valued as first/last mile transport modes compared to other alternatives. Increasing 10% time and cost of all modes indicate that the demand for individual and collective AVs falls sharply, whereas the change in demands of shared bikes is negligible. A significant impact of context effect variables in the utility of travellers was also observed when these variables interacted with the leading travel attributes. The potential market share of the modes indicates that shared bike usage will continue to be strong, and automated vehicles will find their position at future stations. These findings could provide critical criteria for designing future small/medium multimodal hubs.

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Multimodal hubs connect different modes, allowing people to switch from one mode to another and seamlessly access/egress to/from their origin/destinations. However, there are limited methods to estimate the impact of future measures on the accessibility of multimodal hubs. These future measures could be wide reaching, among others, introduction of different schemes in the planning of the hub or introduction of new modes at multimodal hubs. This study provides interdisciplinary cross-cutting method including transport and urbanism literatures, by using Space Syntax method. This method allows the transport planners to analyse and compare the current situation and the proposed development plan. In this research, we show how changes made in urban spatial configuration can impact the accessibility of intermodal hubs. To learn about the impacts of the spatial configuration of a city on station design, we performed a case study at Delft Campus train station in the Netherlands, which is under construction to become a multimodal hub. Firstly, we analyse the current situation and then the proposed development plan in terms of, integration, choice, accessibility and intelligibility, using segment analyses. Furthermore, the immediate surrounding areas of the station have been analysed by Visual Graphic Analysis to find visual accessibility within the hub. Although the municipality proposed plans claim that the station’s accessibility would be enhanced, our method indicate otherwise and the proposed changes are not highly effective in increasing accessibility. Finally, some design recommendations for multimodal hubs are proposed. This study is a prerequisite for designing the multimodal hubs considering emerging modes.

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The lack of proper planning to address development and rapid formation of cities can lead to social and spatial inequalities, often manifesting as segregation. Segregation in cities arises when residents are divided into different categories in terms of income, religion, race, socio-economic status, etc. The consequences of this phenomenon are inconsistent with sustainable development in cities. As a result, the question arises: what kind of social and spatial interventions are needed to deal with segregation in districts? The main aim of this paper is to elucidate which factors are important for multi-scale, social-spatial integration of segregated districts. To gain a better understanding of segregated districts, a broad review of the literature that focuses on social-spatial segregation and intervention will be made. To conclude, some solutions and policies will be suggested to deal with segregation. Criteria for these policies will be defined independently of any particular context to allow for general applicability.@en