Trolleybus systems can be a sustainable replacement for regular diesel powered busses. The sustainability of these systems can be further improved by storage systems that recuperate the braking energy of the buses and feed it at a later point. By strategically placing the storage system, the transmission losses in the grid can also be reduced. Based on measurements from the Arnhem grid, a case-study on the implementation of such systems is simulated. Results show that for this grid, implementing storage only for the reduction of transmission losses is not beneficial. However, when the recuperation of braking energy is considered, a significant energy reduction can be achieved (up to 17% for some specific sections in the grid). A recommendation on location, sizing and charge scheme is given based on the simulation results. Furthermore, a study has been performed on using stationery storage for reducing feeding substation peak demands, creating headroom for other ancillary services (e.g. EV charging).

This report discusses one part of a project consisting of three parts. The goal of the project is to design a battery less sensor powered by RF energy fields present in an office environment. The sensor is able to measure temperature and is able to communicate wirelessly using a low power communication protocol. In this project the use case of a building is explored. In this thesis the possibilities of low power sensing, processing and communicating are investigated. Different options for sensing, processing and communication chips are discussed. Measurements in terms of communication range and power consumption are performed on the system. A TMP-102 temperature sensor, an ATtiny84A microcontroller and an SX1272 LoRa module are chosen. Roughly 4 mJ is needed to perform a measurement and transmit it. Further research is needed to reduce the energy consumption even further.