Purpose This paper aims to gain more in-depth knowledge in the tendering procedures and organisational typologies of consortia working with integrated contracts for social housing renovation projects and especially in the inherent changes in the role of the architect and his or her relations with the client and consortium members. Design/methodology/approach In total, 21 Dutch social housing renovation projects using an integrated contract with the involvement of an architect were identified in the period 2005-2013. The study is based on interviews with 13 from 21 architects working in these projects. Findings The findings indicate that in the majority of these projects, the architect is contracted by the main contractor rather than by the client, the social housing organisation. The new contractual relationship has no significant effect on the relationship of the architect with the social housing organisation and improves the relationship of the architect with the main contractor, consultants, advisors and other consortium members, such as specialist contractors. The architect switches from the role of designer to that of technical and aesthetic advisor, compared to traditional design-bid-build projects. Research limitations/implications The findings are based on the first experiences of architects working with integrated contracts for social housing renovation projects. Results may be different for other types of projects. Practical implications Architects involved in integrated contracts for housing renovation projects can foresee the implications for their daily work. The study provides useful insights for educational reform to prepare students and practising architects to make the most of the new situation. Originality/value The few studies into integrated contracts that refer to the role of the architect have flagged up changes in this role relative to the traditional design-bid-build approach. This study provides in-depth knowledge of the role of the architect in integrated contracts.@en

The climate of a city influences the ways in which its outdoor spaces are used. Especially public spaces intended for use by pedestrians and cyclists, such as parks, squares, residential and shopping streets, and foot- and cycle-paths will be used and enjoyed more frequently when they have a comfortable and healthy climate. Due to a predicted global temperature rise, the climate is likely to be more uncomfortable in the Netherlands, especially in summer, when an increase in heat stress is expected. As the phenomenon of urban heat islands (UHI) aggravates heat stresses, the effects will be more severe in urban environments. Since the spatial characteristics of a city influence its climate, urban design can be deployed to mitigate the combined effects of climate change and UHI's. This paper explores these effects and tries to provide tools for urban design and strategies for implementation. Consequently, the applicability of the design tools is tested in a design for two existing Dutch neighbourhoods.@en