Sensor applications for organ-on-chip platforms
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Abstract
Monitoring cell conditions and microenvironment in real time is crucial for Organ-on-Chip (OoC) functionality. In particular, biological cues such as ions, including metals and metabolites, play a critical role in physiology and homeostasis in the human body. • Real-time monitoring of ions without optical systems is an unmet need for OOCs [1]. • Electrochemical sensors, such as organic electrochemical [2] and thin-film transistors [3], may address this need. Most of these sensors however rely on reference electrodes.