Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

Abstract

In this work, Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are studied from both a quantum mechanical and a mathematical perspective. In quantum mechanics, Clebsch-Gordan coefficients arise when two quantum systems with a certain angular momentum are combined and the total angular momentum is to be found. We start by discussing the relevant postulates of quantum mechanics. From there we move on to a discussion of quantum angular momentum, the combining of quantum systems, and Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Finally, an algorithm for calculating the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients is developed. A firm grasp of linear algebra is required to understand this quantum mechanical perspective. The mathematical perspective is rooted in representation theory. The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients show the decomposition of the tensor product of irreducible representations of the three dimensional rotation group into the direct sum of irreducible representations. We explain the necessary theory to understand how this works. This includes a discussion of irreducible unitary representations, spherical harmonics, direct sum representations, and tensor product representations. Some experience with group theory is required to understand the mathematical perspective.