In this paper, a generalized version of dynamic asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) is introduced, and it is shown that the process has a Markov duality property with the same process on the reversed lattice. The duality functions are multivariate q-Racah polynomials, and the corresponding orthogonality measure is the reversible measure of the process. By taking limits in the generator of dynamic ASEP, its reversible measure, and the duality functions, we obtain orthogonal and triangular dualities for several other interacting particle systems. In this sense, the duality of dynamic ASEP sits on top of a hierarchy of many dualities. For the construction of the process, we rely on representation theory of the quantum algebra U q ( sl 2 ) . In the standard representation, the generator of generalized ASEP can be constructed from the coproduct of the Casimir. After a suitable change of representation, we obtain the generator of dynamic ASEP. The corresponding intertwiner is constructed from q-Krawtchouk polynomials, which arise as eigenfunctions of twisted primitive elements. This gives a duality between dynamic ASEP and generalized ASEP with q-Krawtchouk polynomials as duality functions. Using this duality, we show the (almost) self-duality of dynamic ASEP.

An algebra is introduced which can be considered as a rank 2 extension of the Askey–Wilson algebra. Relations in this algebra are motivated by relations between coproducts of twisted primitive elements in the two-fold tensor product of the quantum algebra U_q (sl(2, C)). It is shown that bivariate q-Racah polynomials appear as overlap coefficients of eigenvectors of generators of the algebra. Furthermore, the corresponding q-difference operators are calculated using the defining relations of the algebra, showing that it encodes the bispectral properties of the bivariate q-Racah polynomials.

We study a Lax pair in a 2-parameter Lie algebra in various representations. The overlap coefficients of the eigenfunctions of L and the standard basis are given in terms of orthogonal polynomials and orthogonal functions. Eigenfunctions for the operator L for a Lax pair for sl(d+ 1 , C) is studied in certain representations.

We study matrix elements of a change of basis between two different bases of representations of the quantum algebra U q(su(1, 1)). The two bases, which are multivariate versions of Al-Salam Chihara polynomials, are eigenfunctions of iterated coproducts of twisted primitive elements. The matrix elements are identified with Gasper and Rahman s multivariate Askey Wilson polynomials, and from this interpretation we derive their orthogonality relations. Furthermore, the matrix elements are shown to be eigenfunctions of the twisted primitive elements after a change of representation, which gives a quantum algebraic derivation of the fact that the multivariate Askey Wilson polynomials are solutions of a multivariate bispectral q-difference problem.

We study a class of interacting particle systems with asymmetric interaction showing a self-duality property. The class includes the ASEP(q, θ), asymmetric exclusion process, with a repulsive interaction, allowing up to θ ∈ N particles in each site, and the ASIP(q, θ), θ ∈ R⁺, asymmetric inclusion process, that is its attractive counterpart. We extend to the asymmetric setting the investigation of orthogonal duality properties done in [8] for symmetric processes. The analysis leads to multivariate q−analogues of Krawtchouk polynomials and Meixner polynomials as orthogonal duality functions for the generalized asymmetric exclusion process and its asymmetric inclusion version, respectively. We also show how the q-Krawtchouk orthogonality relations can be used to compute exponential moments and correlations of ASEP(q, θ).

We study the q-hypergeometric difference operator L on a particular Hilbert space. In this setting L can be considered as an extension of the Jacobi operator for q⁻¹-Al-Salam–Chihara polynomials. Spectral analysis leads to unitarity and an explicit inverse of a q-analog of the Jacobi function transform. As a consequence a solution of the Al-Salam–Chihara indeterminate moment problem is obtained.

We present a theorem which elucidates the connection between self-duality of Markov processes and representation theory of Lie algebras. In particular, we identify sufficient conditions such that the intertwining function between two representations of a certain Lie algebra is the self-duality function of a (Markov) operator. In concrete terms, the two representations are associated to two operators in interwining relation. The self-dual operator, which arise from an appropriate symmetric linear combination of them, is the generator of a Markov process. The theorem is applied to a series of examples, including Markov processes with a discrete state space (e.g. interacting particle systems) and Markov processes with continuous state space (e.g. diffusion processes). In the examples we use explicit representations of Lie algebras that are unitarily equivalent. As a consequence, in the discrete setting self-duality functions are given by orthogonal polynomials whereas in the continuous context they are Bessel functions.