Renewed perspective on the role of biogas as local and or regional source of bio-hydrogen and bio-carbon dioxide within the future renewable hydrogen energy system

Abstract

A radical change of the energy system is required in light of the dramatic effects of human-induced climate change. In this perspective, a future renewable hydrogen energy system was proposed, where biogenic resources are ascribed relevant potential as source of biogenic hydrogen and biogenic carbon dioxide. In this light, the research brings forward the concept of third-generation upgrading as the highest valorisation potential of biogas. This alters the perspective on biogas as source of renewable electricity, heat or fuel to biogas as platform molecule able to couple the renewable hydrogen and bio-economy domain. The research shows that concept of third-generation upgrading relies on a technologically feasible, environmentally benign and economically sound production process. In this respect, the adoption of the concept of third-generation upgrading is supported via the valuation of the bio-carbon dioxide as scarce renewable carbon-containing molecule and valuable carbon sink. Therefore, the concept of third- generation upgrading should be supported via regulatory commitment, market creation, policy mechanisms and infrastructural changes. In this way, biogas can act as an invaluable source of bio-hydrogen and bio-carbon dioxide, spark system integration and stimulate energy security. Ultimately, this research proposes to change the way biogas is seen.