Analysis of elastoplastic response of maritime structures in breaking waves using a double pendulum with a friction hinge

Abstract

Waves impacting on maritime structures can cause damage which endangers the environment around these structures. Due to high hydrodynamic loading, structures can enter the plastic regime, resulting possibly in structural failure. The understanding of the principles related to this structural failure due to waves is a key concept in this research. Due to a gap in existing literature, a simple approximation for the influence of plasticity on fluid-structure interaction is the first required step towards a better comprehension of structural failure of ship and offshore structures due to hydrodynamic loading. The choice is made to analyse a pendulum because of its ability to show clear and easy to interpret results, due to its few degrees of freedom. In an experiment, three different double pendulums are subjected to breaking waves created by dispersive focusing at three different locations in front of the pendulum. The top hinge of the pendulum is a normal hinge and the bottom hinge is a friction hinge that approximates plastic behaviour in a mechanical manner. The energy dissipated in the friction hinge, modelling plastic energy, and the energy transferred from the wave to the structure, called `total absorbed energy', decrease with increasing frictional torque. This means that when a structure allows for more plastic deformation, the energy that will be absorbed in total by the pendulum is larger. The energy transferred to the double pendulum shows more variability for the wave focused furthest away from the pendulum. A reduced-order model is constructed that can help explain the behaviour of the different pendulums.