This project explores how 3D printed pneumatic soft actuators can be used to enhance the expressiveness of textiles with alive-like movement. The research begins by studying current literature on shape changing materials and interfaces in order to select the best candidate material to explore during the project. The project then uses a material driven approach to characterize the 3D printed pneumatic textiles for enhancing their performance and ease of fabrication. Based on the characterization, a material concept is created to showcase the material qualities found during the research and to help study the material experience of shape changing interfaces in future research.

As a result of the research, we introduce Textalive: The Animated Textile Toolkit, a fully 3D printed approach to explore shape changing interfaces and alive-like expressions including its hardware augmented by the computational tool. The toolkit uses accessible 3D printed pneumatic actuators commonly used in soft robotics due to their controllability and ease of fabrication compared to other shape changing materials. The 3D printed pneumatic actuators can be arranged along a 3D printed textile composite to create a variety of shape morphologies. The hardware allows the user to control the kinetic parameters of the movement of the textile to create different expressions. Additionally, the computational design tool allows the designer to predict the shape and movement of the textile by digitally varying the location of the actuator. The toolkit was validated with various designers ranging from different levels of expertise with smart materials showing its potential as a design tool for easily exploring shape changing interfaces and alive-like expressions.

The smart textile technology shows its strength in seamlessly merges the electrodes within the soft fabric. The textile pressure sensor has been used in many types of research for sensing pressure distribution. However, the existing sensors are not made for daily use. Sensors like the XSENSOR have a high price and contains plastic films, making it not breathable and not friendly for the skin. A sensor made entirely out of fabric is desirable. According to research (Techtextil, 2015), the car has around 30 kilograms of textiles. This project aims to show a new design using smart textile technology - the fabric pressure sensor. This project considers two aspects: 1. Technical aspect- Learn the sensing principle and sensor structure from literature. Make the textile sensor work. If possible, make the sensor work under the automotive context. 2. Societal aspect- Identify user needs. Determine where and how to use this new technology. Design around the sensor and make the data output fulfill the demands of the user. The design approach is the co-evolution model. Five design phases are included based on the basic design cycle- Analysis, preliminary tests, synthesis, embodiment, and evaluation. In general, this project sets the start of the implementation of the textile pressure sensor in the car. The project starts with technology in researches and reached the level of a working prototype validated in the laboratory.