The capital of the Netherlands, Amsterdam, faces significant urban mobility challenges, including high parking pressure, limited urban space and growing social inequality in mobility access. The Smart Mobility Program of the Municipality of Amsterdam envisions a more accessible, sustainable and safe mobility system, which asks for a mobility transition. Shared mobility, an alternative to private car ownership, plays a key role in the transition. This graduation project, conducted in collaboration with the Smart Mobility Program, explores the potential and broader adoption of Mobility as a Commons (MaaC), a cooperative concept where residents collectively manage, own, and share vehicles. Based on the principles of Commons, MaaC offers a community-driven bottom-up approach to shared mobility that is affordable and accessible and contributes to social cohesion and sustainable resource management.

The project's goal is to design a human-centred strategy that drives the broader adoption and integration of MaaC by addressing the needs, motivations, and barriers of Amsterdam residents. While the current approach to MaaC primarily focuses on practical aspects such as insurance, permits, and parking, this research bridges the gap by adopting a human-centred approach to designing the strategic roadmap.

To understand what and how to design, research was conducted on Amsterdam’s mobility system, behavioural change, and cooperative sharing. Generative user research was conducted on residents’ needs, motivations and barriers ensuring a human-centred approach. The findings show that MaaC is a viable, feasible and desirable mobility for both the Municipality and its residents. It has the potential to be a valuable tool in Amsterdam’s mobility transition, addressing key challenges such as parking pressure, affordability and accessibility. However, barriers such as unfamiliarity, finances, organisational complexity, habitual mobility behaviour and attachments to private cars hinder broader adoption.

To address these challenges, the project studies four behavioural change theories to understand how to design for behaviour change and comprehend the complexity of the various contexts. In addition, user research on two neighbourhoods in Amsterdam provided valuable insights into the various residents’ needs, motivations and barriers. All these insights have been translated into six need-based personas that form the foundation of the human-centred design approach.

To guide the Municipality, a strategic roadmap is designed. It provides a structured, human-centred framework for stimulating broader adoption, focusing on key resident groups and tailored strategies for various contexts. The Diffusion of Innovation theory provided a framework for managing the complexity of the various residents, needs and attitudes. It helped integrate the various adopter segments through the need-based personas into the roadmap. Both early adopters of shared mobility and more hesitant resident groups are considered, demonstrating that MaaC can be successfully adopted in various contexts. The key learning is the role of the Municipality. The bottom-up approach of MaaC asks for the Municipality to take on the role of facilitator, supporter and collaborator.

By reducing reliance on private vehicles and offering affordable, accessible and community-driven mobility, MaaC has the potential to be an effective tool in Amsterdam’s mobility transition towards the envisioned sustainable city.

The mobility world is changing due to demographic transformations, sustainability challenges, and technological advancements. Consumers and governments seek sustainable and inclusive mobility solutions that cause less environmental strain, less noise pollution, and safer traffic. The mobility solutions must combine into a coherent platform for convenient and comprehensible communication towards future users through innovations such as Mobility as a Service (MaaS) and mobility hubs. This report proposes a strategy for Dutch bicycle brand Cortina to navigate the future mobility world. Cortina is the second-largest seller of city bikes in the Netherlands and is mainly known for its bicycles featuring front carriers.

A trend analysis about cities, mobility, and cycling in 2035 served as input for constructing a future worldview, described by the disappearance of private possessions and the rise in shared mobility, resulting in a decreased feeling of responsibility and autonomy. The design statement 'enabling people to feel like a part of something bigger without losing autonomy so they can be their authentic selves' was created in response. The statement is reinforced by an analogy describing the envisioned interaction between future user and context, forming the design vision of the graduation project.

The design insights gathered in the discovery stage form a design brief categorized by the pillars of the user-centred design described in the Delft Design Guide; desirability, feasibility, viability and responsibility.

The proposed future strategy for Cortina encompasses a café, bicycle, and roadmap. The Cortina café will be located at future mobility hubs, serving as a location where travellers can repair their bicycles, buy refreshments, or meet up with someone else. The café concept is accompanied by the Cortina Endurance bicycle, designed for durability, personalization, transport, and easy repair, capitalizing on expected right-to-repair legislation and providing Cortina with a first step towards the project's final vision within its area of expertise.

The strategy created for Cortina leads to the design vision through three stages, as described by a roadmap. The first stage encompasses reinforcing Cortina’s existing knowledge by designing a bicycle while seeking collaboration. The second horizon is expansion and experimentation, in which multiple pilots will test the concept of the Cortina Café. The third horizon describes integration and disruption, which will be the launch and growth of the Cortina Café. All these activities will eventually lead up to the future vision of 2035: creating an interaction that elicits autonomy, responsibility, trust, and cohesion.

The report's final design's value proposition includes autonomy, sustainability, social cohesion, and education. The Cortina Café enables users to be in charge of their mobility and reduces private car usage. The café serves as an educational platform, promoting repairing over replacing among younger generations.

The result of this graduation project should be treated as a visionary proposal that aims to inspire and guide society to a better world. Mobility players should work towards a joint visionary long-term worldview, as today's decisions will influence society's future.

This project revolves around redesigning the future mobihub for the context of the Netherlands. A mobihub (or mobipunt in Dutch) is a brand of mobility hub. In this report, a mobility hub is defined as “A recognizable, physical place where different context-driven functions and services (mostly shared mobility-related such as shared cars) that benefit the neighbourhood meet. A connection to public transport is desirable but type-dependant.”A typology of mobihubs was found and simplified to three types, with a special focus on the type: “neighbourhood hub”. Along with this, a target group was defined: the “suburban citizen”: people that live in a smaller neighbourhood and work in a bigger city. This type of hub and target group determined the focus of the project. This focus was on social cohesion in the neighbourhood. Vision in Product Design (VIP) was used as the main design & research method.In the research phase, a broad literature study was done, along with case studies in the Netherlands and interviews with users from the target group (Figure 1), amongst others. It was found that users on a transport hub always navigate the space between being connected and being autonomous, while they experience positive or negative ‘friction’ (events that slow them down) during their travels. The amount of ‘being connected’ and ‘autonomy’ that a user experiences or seeks, depends on that users personality. Based on this, the design statement was formed:“The mobihub needs to wake up people by introducing a kind of positive friction (that literally and figuratively slows them down) at their local or commute mobihub, with which they can choose to interact, together or alone”The mobihub needs to facilitate for two kinds of pePple at the same time. The fact that the mobihub needs to be in these two states at the same time was compared to the principle of ‘quantum superpositioning’. In quantum superpositioning, a quantum particle can be in two places at the same time (figure 2). After an ideation period a design direction was found. This design direction revolves around modular multi-purpose interactive capsules on the mobihub. With these capsules, inhabitants can combine their mobility patterns. Inhabitants can deliver packages for each other, lend or sell each other items, or pick up groceries. The capsules and the supporting app form an open-ended platform that can be used by the inhabitants as they see fit. This design direction was prototyped (figure 3) and evaluated with users and experts. The functionalities were viewed as very beneficial, but the design direction did not provide a meaningful interaction between place (mobihub) and user (inhabitant).After an extended period of research, it was found that the mobihub should act as a concerned parent through the app and the interactive capsules. The mobihub acting as a concerned parent gives the relationship between user and hub more meaning, because it mirrors wanted mobility patterns. The hub is a concerned parent that needs to ‘educate’ it’s users about responsible mobility usage, and ‘take care’ of them. The user, in turn, has the responsibility to keep visiting his ‘parent’. The final design was dubbed “mobi+punt” (Mobipuntplus or Mobipluspunt) (see figures 4 and 5) and was evaluated with relevant experts in an expert meeting (figure 6). It was evident that social cohesion the most relevant success factor of the design is, as well as efficiency in delivery methods and extra value for the neighbourhood. The main limitations all revolved around the business model and implementation -questions. The final design is still conceptual, and there are much unknowns about its eventual realisation. The experts recognized that it is an idea with a lot of potential.

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a concept that integrates public transport and other access based mobility services into one easy to use platform. For users this means that they no longer have to do large investments while still having access to transport. They can perform door-to-door journeys in a way that suits their needs at a specific time. Transport providers can use this integrated system to create e network that serves the required area and its travellers in a more efficient way. Society can benefit from MaaS as it is centred around transport modes that have a lower negative impact on the urban environment, and use less space. RET is currently looking to introduce a Mobility as a Service-system in the Netherlands. They are working to create the technical requirements for such a platform, and to develop partnerships with other stakeholders like access based mobility providers and societal partners. They however were unsure of who to develop for and what these users want from a MaaS-system. Thus, this thesis focuses on that question. MaaS-journeys should be fast, flexible, reliable, and seamlessly usable. This requires having a high speed, high capacity backbone of trains, metros and lightrail services, supplemented with flexible access based mobility services like shared e-bikes, steps and scooters, and other public transport modes. These journeys should be doable in an easy way: the platform and infrastructure supports a seamless travel experience. There is still a long way to go before a fast, flexible, reliable, seamless MaaS-experience can be realised. Therefore a long-term approach must be adopted by using a design roadmap. This provides the opportunity to work towards the full potential of a MaaS-system by keeping the future in focus. Users should firstly become interested in MaaS and access based mobility through the integration of public transport and other access based mobility services. This creates a more fast and flexible journey. Then, MaaS should work towards providing for routine journeys, and finally towards covering daily urban mobility needs.

Small, cheap, low-energy electronics and ICT create the opportunity to collect all kind of data of a human being in operational circumstances. These data facilitate the optimisation en effectiveness of the human efforts. Simple examples such as heart rate monitors optimising physical exertion or hypoxia sensors measuring blood saturation are already available but an overall vision on the integration seems to be lacking.

These sensors are currently not integrated in the cockpit or suits of the pilots. Most sensors are medical sensors and used in calm, controlled environments. This type of equipment is not developed for operational (heavy) use. A future vision needs to be created on how these elements can be bundled and integrated, providing some kind of framework for future reference and developments in wearable technology for military aviation.


In this project, extensive research was done towards currently existing wearables both in the consumer- as in the military market. After benchmarking these wearables, comprehensively mapping out the context (the Chinook helicopter crew) and analysing important future qualities of military aviation, specifically for the Chinook crew, a design brief has been created. The conclusion of the analysis, combined with the determined future qualities and the design brief, enabled the project to be divided into so called ‘design challenges’. These design challenges have an important recurring role in the whole project and will be discussed at every phase. Through working out these design challenges step by step along every phase and going in depth in some of them by creating a prototype, a possible framework for the future vision has been built, on which a future design concept could be created.

The final proposed design includes currently relevant sensors in military aviation and novel technologies based on current research and observations. It addresses all the design challenges and qualities and could be used to inspire future developments in this particular area in military aviation.