The use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has seen a breakthrough in clinical research for personalized treatments (Hamburg & Collins, 2010.) Despite the potential advantages of vast EHR data available, constraints of privacy and legislation hinder its use (Rieke et al., 2020.) Health data exists in an interconnected healthcare system (Harris et al., 2009), comprising of stakeholders responsible for health data management within the constraints of GDPR. Data sharing platforms, through the use of secure data sharing practices and encrypted technology, can potentially change the landscape of health data in clinical research (Obermeyer & Emanuel, 2016.)

This project examines the privacy and stakeholder landscape of health data sharing through an evaluation of interaction with patients. It uses a Value-Sensitive design approach (Friedman et al., 2002) to contextualize the privacy values in clinical research for patients, doctors, patient organizations, clinical researchers, pharmaceutical industries and data sharing platforms. Through this examination, it identifies lack of transparent data use and research practices as a hindrance to the use of health data on a data sharing platform. Transparency is examined through a patient-centric lens, wherein information and control over preferences of participation are found to be crucial. This evaluation further identifies roles of researchers and data sharing platforms for a transparent approach.

The project results in a concept termed ‘Negotiated Consent‘, which examines the use of data sharing platforms in offering individuals transparency. This is contextualized within patient consent for recruitment in clinical research, wherein data sharing platforms are responsible for data processing through the use of Federated Learning and Natural Language Processing. The stakeholder landscape for the same is defined in 3 functions for the platform- Access to Health Data, Patient Consent and Recruitment, and Data-Driven Insights. The results are tested through a study of the prototyped user experience of ‘Negotiated Consent‘, wherein participants emphasized ‘feeling more informed and in control’ in comparison to the current informed consent.

Whilst the study examines a patient-centric approach towards health data sharing for clinical research, it has limitations in addressing the multi-faceted reality of patient’s lives that informs their choices to enrol in clinical research. The further development of patient-centricity in the domain requires examination of motivations through a lens of disease-specific patient groups, demographics, and personal history with diseases (Hong et al., 2020) will lead to richer insights. Furthermore, Negotiated Consent is a proof-of-concept for dynamic consent (Mascalzoni et al., 2022), that demonstrates revision over participation choices within one moment of patient consent.

This project contributes to an understanding of the privacy and stakeholder dynamics for health data sharing. It illuminates a transparent approach to recruitment for clinical research through a collaborative effort that emphasizes on patient-centric approaches. Using a mutually responsible approach, data sharing platforms can lead the way for use of data in clinical research that simultaneously empowers patients to control their data through a negotiated lens.

Recent technological advancements are revolutionizing last-mile package delivery, with autonomous delivery vehicles (ADVs) emerging as a sustainable alternative. These small ground vehicles autonomously navigate pavements, aiming to operate seamlessly in pedestrian-rich environments without any human intervention. The goal of this project is to design a concept of an autonomous delivery vehicle that portrays predictable behaviour for pedestrians.

Extensive research involving literature analysis, interviews, and observational studies unveiled the challenges that current ADVs are facing, including unpredictable behaviour and distrust. The absence of predictability has a big impact on effective on-road communication, and it potentially leads to unsafe traffic interactions. A viable solution lies in communicating the ADV's driving intent. This study delves into the nuances of intent communication in pedestrian environments, and identifies intent signals that are predominantly communicated through body language. The objective is to replicate human-like signals in the behaviour of ADVs, to ensure an intuitive understanding of such cues from previous traffic experiences.

Focusing on designing predictability through intent communication via body language, a test exploration is conducted, testing multiple different prototypes. Iterative trials resulted in interesting insights and eventually lead to the most promising intent signal – the "Looking" scenario. This intent signal is inspired by a head-turning or someone looking into the desired walking direction. Participants recognised this signal, facilitating an intuitive understanding of the meaning of the signal.

The evaluation test confirmed the intent signal's positive effect on enhancing pedestrians' feelings of safety, trust, and comfort during an ADV interaction. These increased feelings of safety, trust and comfortability came from the fact that they were able to predict the movements of the ADV and because they felt "seen". The robot reacted to the participants by showing its intent, this reaction gave participants the perception that the ADV has indeed detected them and therefore won't collide with them. Consequently, it is recommended to integrate intent communication into ADV designs to ensure safer and more harmonious ADV-pedestrian interactions.

Three design guidelines are formulated based on the insights from the exploration phase. The three guidelines emphasize the interpretation, visibility, and relevance of intent signals. The conceptual ADV design presented in this project, aligns with these guidelines. The intent signal in the design concept of the ADV makes their behaviour more predictable, gives people a sense of control because they feel detected, which both leads to an increase in safety, trust, and comfortability. Although the intent signal shows great promise in creating a safer and more comfortable traffic interaction between ADVs and pedestrians, additional research is needed to fully understand the impact of integrating this intent signal.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer disease worldwide with highly fatal. It has accounted for 10% of the global cancer incidence (Bray et al., 2018). In the Netherlands, patients who have undergone treatment and surgery for colorectal cancer typically enter a five-year follow-up phase. During this period, patients often experience long-term health issues. Colorectal cancer not only has physical implications for patients but also significantly affects various aspects of their daily lives, including their social networks and mental health (Arndt et al., 2006). On the other hand, remote patient monitoring (RPM) can enhance efficiency and improve patient care delivery. However, there has been a noticeable lack of research and design focusing on the inclusion of social and mental health monitoring within these systems. According to the World Health Organization, health should include “Physical, Social and Mental” aspects. Therefore it’s important to focus on how to develop remote patient monitoring in these aspects.
The project first used a patient community journey map (Jung, 2023) to summarize the experiences of colorectal cancer patients from a large number of posts on an online communication platform and invited medical experts from the Netherlands to a co-creation session to validate the map and explore research directions.
The final research question was defined as: How to develop a remote patient monitoring system for patients’ social and daily activity and related emotion when they are away from the hospital?
The research question was followed by user research. Patients received diary studies, including finishing a probe based on their activities. Upon completion of the diary studies by the patients, there is a follow-up interview to obtain patients' feedback and sentiments regarding the probe. Subsequently, the insights from the user research act as input during a collaborative designers’ brainstorm session. Finally, these research findings were exported into the initial guidelines for developing the RPM in social, daily activity and related emotions for colorectal cancer patients. After evaluations, the final guidelines for colorectal cancer patients’ RPM and a toolkit summarizing the "develop" and "deliver" phases were presented. This toolkit allows future researchers to develop RPM in social and daily activity and related emotion for patients in other contexts besides colorectal cancer patients, supporting the remote patient monitoring system’s evolution of physical, social and mental health.

With the rise of digital technologies including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and sensor technologies, all the products we use every day are increasingly becoming ‘intelligent’. Machines, objects, and tools are slowly evolving into robots, objects-with-intent (Rozendaal et al., 2019), and agents. At the same time, their capabilities are also increasing. These capabilities come from their ability to process large amounts of data. In this digital era, how can designers create user-centric solutions by leveraging the strengths of these digitally-enabled products at an early stage in the design process?

This thesis explores this topic in the context of pedestrian mobility. More specifically, outdoor mobility for people with vision impairments. When people with vision impairments travel, they must process an extensive amount of spatial information without relying on their vision. How can an agent partner with these users to make this process less demanding and thus, make it easier for people with vision impairments to travel independently?

Combining these two visions, this thesis focuses on uncovering the problem areas, information needs, and desires of PVIs traveling outdoors by leveraging behavioral data. Two main user studies, both involving different types of behavioral data have been explored.

Based on the exploratory research, in which physiological data was collected, two behavioral states, ‘following’ and ‘reorienting’, were identified. These two states also reflected the PVI's mental state, moments of ease, and moments of uncertainty. This inspired the initial idea for a user-aware navigation agent, which could announce different types of data depending on whether the user was ‘following’ a route or ‘reorienting’ on the route.

In the evaluative research, the agent’s capability to detect the two states was tested by training a machine learning algorithm. In addition, a second evaluative user study was conducted to test the hypothesis of the information needs in the ‘following’ and ‘reorienting‘ states. The study setup was designed to generate a new type of behavioral data, which consists of the location users requested additional information. Thus, the user needs were quantified.

This kind of behavioral data; one that embeds rich information about the user needs, becomes the building block of future prototypes of the user-aware navigation agent. Those iterations will then produce more data that embed further insights. This positive feedback cycle will be key to keeping the PVIs constantly in the product development loop and hopefully, result in a navigation agent that allows PVIs to easily travel safely and independently.

Vehicles are becoming more and more connected, and in combination with various services, they generate large amounts of data, which is mainly used in development processes for testing purposes in Ford. However, sensor data has more potentials for product development, and one valuable potential is to contribute to product innovation in the early design stage, which can be seen from existing studies on data-enabled design. However, the large amount and complexity of data make it hard for the Ford Research and innovation (R&A) team to approach data, nevertheless apply data in the design process. In addition, there are no available methods and tools that fit in with Ford’s data availability and workflow to guide them to apply data for product development, which can make the R&A team feel clueless in their practice. 
Based on the challenge, I framed the initial research question of this project as: How to facilitate the Ford R&A team to apply user data to enhance creativity in their ideation process? Then, I conducted research, product development, and evaluation to deliver the final design intervention. Afterwards, the concept "A toolbox for creative problem solving with data "was developed and tested. Based on the evaluation of the toolbox, I designed a guidebook containing a three-step method as a guide to applying the toolbox. The second-round evaluation shows that the final design intervention is believed to provide innovative methods and tools for the R&A team to generate insights from data combinations for the problem framing process and cultivate creative thinking during the session. Moreover, the three-step method for combining data fills the method gap for the implementation of data-enabled design in organizational practice. In conclusion, the final design intervention sufficiently fulfils the design goal and contributes to the method study on data-enabled design.

Using the energy system is part of our daily routine but the complexity of power systems and its understanding have both been confined to the experts in the field. Furthermore, the advent of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the Internet of Things (IoT), power system integration is becoming even more complex for the system planners and operators. Various clean energy technologies like solar power, massive offshore wind, Electric vehicle as well as the increasing dependency of the Prosumers to move towards a future decentralized and transactive energy market. There is hence a need to educate the general public about the important problems encountered during the energy transition as well as to provide a demystifying version of the existing power system to exhibit its complexity and its benefits of intelligent multi-energy systems.

Energy System Integration Development (ESID) kit could solve this issue.

This project concerns the design and development of a Middleware software system based IOT application, which runs on Raspberry PIs (RasPi), contribute to the layered bottom-top approach of the Illuminator - Energy System Integration Development Tool Kit and has the main goal to help in assisting the application layer to simulate energy system integration scenarios and will be prototyping simple proofs-of-concept for validation purpose. It’s realized as part of the master thesis curriculum of the author. On the completion of this project, there will be a generic middleware system that can be used by the end users/application layer to demonstrate energy system integration scenarios, which is scalable, reconfigurable, inter portable.

Illuminator - Energy System Integration Development Tool Kit aimed to become an open-source platform depicting energy integration problems, an education tool kit, and research to prototype control algorithms for counteracting the energy transition challenges. The general public and system integrators would benefit as well as the stakeholders as it can help them analyze the energy integration challenges in a user-centric fashion.vii

Aito has developed a technology that can be placedunderneath surfaces to give haptic feedback. They make use of piezoelectricdiscs to sense a pressure difference and actuate a pulse if this differencereaches a certain level. This system is possible because of the piezoelectriccrystals in the discs. These crystals create current from movement for thesensing action, and create movement by adding current for actuation action.These properties, combined with the way Aito layers the structure to supportthe piezoelectric discs, allow for this type of haptic feedback which mimicsthe press of a button. While the technology of Aito currently focuses on asingle pulse to simulate the feeling of a button, it is possible to send acontinuous stream of vibrations through the piezoelectric discs. This streamcould be a pulse that is being repeated over and over, or it could be avariation of pulses which creates music. This last possibility is explored inthis graduation project by a state-of-the-art review, objective measuringtechniques and subjective measuring techniques. With Aito’s current structure, it seems possible to create aspeaker in which the surface is vibrated to create audio according to thegathered literature in the state-of-the-art review. The literature describestwo types of speakers with a similar structure as Aito, which are the distributedmode loudspeakers and multiactuator panels. These speakers use a vibrationmodule (an exciter), to move the surface they are attached to. The differencebetween these two speakers is the placement and number of exciters. Both thesespeakers have a different designing approach than the standard design processof coil-based speakers. The design approach for distributed mode loudspeakersand multiactuator panels is used in this project but incorporates sometechniques from the usual procedure. The main elements that are adopted fromthe standard audio engineering approach relate to the validation of the setupwith users and measurements.The traditional approach of audio engineers to involve usersinto the design process, is by letting participants participate in listeningtest to define the audio quality perception of the speaker. This approach isadapted in this project into an approach which allows users to define theiraudio quality expectations; this involves users earlier on into the designprocess. By letting users participate early on in the process, the audioquality experience can be changed efficiently. The perceptions could improvethe experience at the end of the process, while the expectations change it inthe beginning. The expectation that is explored during this research involvesfoldable laptops and tablets. This approach shows that the audio quality of foldablelaptops is expected to be higher than foldable tablets. The whole foldablegroup is expected to perform lower than a laptop, but higher than a smartphone.The expected speaker placement also showed a difference between foldablelaptops and foldable tablets, which shows similarities to their non-foldable devicegroup. Therefore, a speaker that is integrated into the surface would ensurethat the speaker location is most optimal in both the laptop position as wellas the tablet position of a foldable device.  For the measurement validation, various tests were donebased on the approach of audio engineers to define how Aito’s structureperforms for audio functionalities. This approach was chosen to compare theresults to the requirements of the industry; these take volume levels andfrequency range of the audio into account. When these requirements arecombined, a grading system is created to help in selecting the correct speakerfor specific experiences. The tests were done with simplified models of afoldable tablet because this product group is the best fit for a haptic andaudio combination. In total, there were eight individual models used during thesystem performance testing. All these models originated from one basic model,which was a simplified foldable tablet structure; this model can be seen infigure 1. Its structure is separated into two identical halves to be able tocreate stereo audio when both halves are used. In the individual models,changes were made to test the effects of different surface materials, surfaceedge fixtures, piezoelectric disc layouts and uses of the space behind thesystem. These changes were mainly based on the design principles of distributedmode loudspeakers and multiactuator panels but were combined with some designprinciples dictated by Aito and the speaker industry. This research was a first step in the direction of audiowith Aito’s current setup. From the performance of eight models in combinationwith the user expectations on foldable laptops and tablets can be concludedthat the technology is not yet there. However, for less demanding products,such as intercoms, the audio quality can be deemed good enough as is with somesmall improvements. There is also the possibility to use the system only forhigher frequencies and haptics and add another speaker to generate lowerfrequencies. 

Leisure is defined by the Cambridge dictionary as: “The time when you are not working or doing other duties.” During this time, people engage in a broad variety of activities. They engage in these activities because they want to and because it makes them happy in some way. Newman et al (2013) researched the underlying psychological pathways by which leisure evokes happiness. They proposed five core psychological mechanisms through which leisure promotes subjective well-being (SWB). These mechanisms are detachment-recovery, autonomy, mastery, meaning and affiliation. Which activity triggers which mechanism, can differ per person and one activity can trigger multiple mechanisms.This project focuses on the mechanism of detachment-recovery. By utilising a user-centred approach, it was found that people were not always satisfied with their leisure time, more specifically with the recovery time they spent on the couch. The dissatisfaction had two main causes. Firstly, they were distracted from the activity they were engaging in. Secondly, they spent longer on the couch then they initially had intended to. To tackle those two causes, a smart pillow was designed.The concept of a smart pillow came to fruition by using a new perspective on smart objects, the perspective of objects with intent (OwI) (Rozendaal, Boon, & Kaptelinin, 2019). Objects with intent are everyday objects that act as collaborative partners in human activity. OwI’s are a type of agent and they take advantage of the meaning of everyday things as a site for intelligence and agency. Rozendaal et al (2019) prototyped the concept of an OwI by using a wizard of Oz style of prototyping (WoZ). In this setup, the researcher acted as the sensors and intelligence of the Object. In this project, I take a step towards the design of a fully autonomous OwI by applying a data-enabled design approach (J. van Kollenburg & S. Bogers, 2019).In this project, I explore how I can apply a data-enabled design approach. I show my approach, the tools I use, the visualisations I have made and the insight I have gained. By doing this I aim to inform fellow industrial design students on how they also can apply the data-enabled design. In this process, one specific visualisation was found to be very useful. This was a 3D representation of the prototype of the pillow in which data gathered by sensors in the prototype were visualised on the 3D representations. This representation was an animation which was matched with video recordings of the usage of the pillow.

People have been using the digital technology domain to seek solutions to combat neglected tropical diseases. Aside from feasibility and effectiveness, WHO has pointed out the importance of having an overview that pinpoints the lacking infrastructure for scaling up and sustaining digital proposals. This research demystifies the untapped digital data in combating neglected tropical disease and aims to provide an overview for people to take strategic action. Who are all the stakeholders in this elimination procedure? What are the needed data to tackle this disease? How can digital innovation best interfere with the current disease elimination flow?

The researcher has chosen the content of Kenya and the neglected disease of Schistosomiasis as the subject. Building on numerous expert interviews and the literature review, the footprint of disease combating related data has been systematically analyzed from different angles. With a holistic view, this series of analyses poses as a step-by-step guide for the strategic planning of complicated neglected disease or health-related issue in low-resource setting countries. An example of a new Schistosomiasis diagnostic device, SODOS, is presented at the end to showcase the effectiveness of the analyzing approach.

With the rise of remote working opportunities, the definition of office is changing and this is also affecting the way that we shape our offices. Nowadays, more
and more companies are switching to the flexible workspace. This shift is redefining the relationships and the communication motives colleagues have with each other. The project explores how the hindered aspect of communication can be revived with triggers in order to help the employees form deeper relationships. This is done via an iterative design process. The end results are guidelines for designing triggers and a digital product that houses the communication triggers.

A strategy for Quooker to change its business model from offering a product to offering an outcome.

In this thesis, guidelines are proposed for designing a Blockchain based bike-sharing service. These guidelines are based upon the design process of a circular bike-sharing service DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organisation) which was designed as a use-case for this project. This thesis also describes the design process of this DAO and what this use-case concept contains.