The exponential growth in maritime trade during the 21st century has posed notable challenges for container terminals, resulting in congestion and operational inefficiencies. This study delves into the efficacy of Amphibious Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) as an innovative remedy to tackle these issues and facilitate the shift towards autonomous operations at container terminals. Motivated by the need to optimize spatial utilization and reduce reliance on conventional material handling equipment in port areas, this study employs an agent-based modeling approach. Subse- quently, the formulated model is applied in a case study focusing on major Ports of the World. This study undertakes a critical examination of the potential of Amphibious AGVs in alleviating congestion and operational challenges faced by container terminals in the context of an increasingly interconnected global trade setting. By conducting a thorough examination of existing literature and creating a generalised simulation model, this study aims to offer valuable insights that can influence the evolution of container terminal operations.

An unfamiliar subject to the contemporary connecting options for cranes on pontoons is removability; Various difficulties and obstructions related to the heavy-duty nature of the equipment lead to a limited amount of practiced conventional connecting options for this purpose, which all have the absence of removability in common. Furthermore, the consideration of various types of efficiencies and performance aspects has not been common practice within this field. The aim of developing a removable and efficient crane-to-pontoon connection system is therefore set.
An initial literature research is performed in order to obtain a variety of connecting options which have the potential of forming the basis of a new removable connection system, optimized for crane-to-pontoon configurations. Subsequently, creating a unique rating system, specifically for crane-to-pontoon connection systems, led to a substantiated selection process for the most feasible option among the potential connecting options. The turnbuckle option obtained the highest ranking and was therefore selected to proceed the design process with.
Developing the turnbuckle option into a complete connection system and accomplishing all defined aims led to an encounter with various engineering challenges. An integral design process led to the discovery of a proficient combination of components, which overcome the challenges and provide satisfaction with respect to the aims of the project.
The parameters of the developed conceptual design are finally quantified in order to prove feasibility and efficiency. Applicable design parameters are found which pass the safety requirements, while minimizing the material consumption. With these parameters, the removable design is compared to conventional real case connection systems in terms of cost-efficiency, which resulted in the observation that multiple millions of euros in long-term savings are anticipated per deployed crane due to the removability feature.

Transshipment is a key component of modern-day shipping logistics. Container supply chains rely on transhipment hubs to access remote locations. With globalisation driving growth in container trade, maritime congestion is rising at container terminals in ports worldwide. This is expected to worsen as demand continues to grow. The ill effects of this congestion are particularly being felt along transportation networks between deep-sea container terminals and Hinterland terminals. Therefore, this research aims to suggest solutions that address current problems and meet current targets, while also delivering future-proof and scalable transshipment options across a range of ports and hinterlands worldwide. This work in particular will evaluate the impact of novel maritime concepts such as amphibious AGVs, floating terminals, and super barges and how they can contribute to developing efficient container transportation networks that could address the congestion problem of incoming container barges at deep-sea container terminals. The key performance indicators (KPIs) emphasize reduced maritime congestion, while also aiming to achieve similar daily throughput, transport time, and reduced transporter fleet sizes. To implement this, an agent-based simulation methodology quantifies the existing problems along the deep-sea-hinterland network and validates the feasibility of the proposed transportation networks. The proposed innovative concepts and the current container transshipment scenario are implemented in the simulation environment of the Port of Rotterdam. The global applicability and scalability potential of the proposed transshipment solutions is further demonstrated on a much larger scale by testing them in the Hong Kong-Pearl River Delta, which covers an area similar to the size of the Netherlands. From an innovation point of view, concepts like Amphibious AGVs and floating terminals depict versatility in mobility and flexibility in execution respectively. This work, therefore, opens up an intriguing future scope for maritime transshipment that is both sustainable and adaptable, while also discussing limitations and concerns that need to be carefully considered.