The consortium Projectorganisatie Uitbreiding Maasvlakte (PUMA), consisting out of Van Oord and Boskalis, constructed a hard sea defence for the protection of Maasvlakte 2, which is the expansion of the Port of Rotterdam. This hard sea defence consists of a Dynamic Rock Slope (DRS) with a Block Dam (BD) situated in front of it. The BD is build up out of large concrete blocks which were recycled from Maasvlakte 1. The DRS behind it protects the hinterland through an approximate three to four meter thick layer of quarry rock. When waves travel obliquely through this Block Dam and interact with the DRS, stones are transported in alongshore direction. This process is called Longshore Transport (LT) and will have erosion and accretion of stones to effect along the DRS. In order to maintain the layer thickness of this stone layer, PUMA made a prognosis on LT for the coming 50 years after construction. From this prognosis a nourishment campaign was set-up, consisting of volumes of stone PUMA expected to nourish every 2.5 years. After a maintenance period of five years it was concluded by PUMA that the nourishment volumes were lower than expected. Therefore this thesis assessed where differences in the prognosis of PUMA on LT and the observed LT rates over the period 2013 to 2018 come from. Within their prognosis, PUMA made use of a dimensional LT relation. As this specifically calibrated Longshore Transport relation is only applicable for the computation of LT rates at a structure containing the characteristics of the DRS at Maasvlakte 2, this research looked into the possibilities of using a non-dimensional Longshore Transport relation for the computation of Longshore Transport rates at the DRS of Maasvlakte 2.

Colombia’s economy has been growing steady in the past decades, partly because of the increase in tourism. However, this tourism also has a downside. Hotels and restaurants are constructed one after another, preferably along the coast. This, combined with factors such as climate change and land subsidence and the fact that people tend to prefer living close to the coast, leads to a vulnerable and erosive coast, especially in the departments of La Guajira and Magdalena. Therefore, Project Colciencias was initiated by three local universities and two companies, a large scale study to improve and implement coastal projects in this area. Focus is on areas that experience critical erosion; erosion that puts local economy, environment and national heritage at risk (Oceanus, 2013). Ten objectives are formulated by the five different parties, e.g. characterization of the coast, development of pilot projects and socialisation of coastal projects.
The goal of this multidisciplinary research conducted by TU Delft students in cooperation with Oceanus International is to improve the Colciencias project by combining Dutch and Colombian expertise, technology, efficiency and theory. After analysing the political, cultural, social, hydraulic and environmental situation, and after consulting various stakeholders three research objectives were stated and elaborated.
The first goal is to create a framework to ensure a consistent and efficient implementation of the intended pilot projects. Not only does it cover the hydraulic aspects of a project, it also takes into account the socio-economic, environmental and legal factors. To support the part of the framework that comprehends the hydraulic analysis and the development of alternatives for coastal protection, a detailed document on numerical models is written. This is objective number two. Next to information on numerical models in general, the three main types of coastal models are discussed; coastline, regional - and local morphodynamic models. Eight specific models are then further highlighted, resulting in a decision tree that helps in choosing the best model for your specific engineering application. To test the framework, a case study was executed in one of the critical erosion zones, the village of Ciénaga. The framework was followed concisely to evaluate its effectiveness and efficiency. Among other things, a field trip was organised to carry out experiments and execute a survey to explore the socio-economic values of the region. Next to that, interviews were carried out with officials and local parties to obtain information on past projects and the local legal framework. From the case study it was concluded that the framework functions, but that it should be noted that the case study is only a test of the framework, and that much further research needs to be conducted for the actual design and implementation of the coastal plan for Ciénaga.
Lastly, our goal was to start a dialogue about the impact of integrated coastal zone management and coastal erosion problems. In practice this resulted in many interviews, a survey, attendance of local community meetings, presentations at the Universidad del Norte for stakeholders of the project and an informal gathering of students at the Universidad de Cartagena. Furthermore, the framework shall be distributed to possible stakeholders as well as an informative presentation along with an introductory movie.