Processes and transactions in Land Administration are outside the scope of the Land Administration Domain Model Edition I published in 2012. Reason is that processes were considered to be country specific. Generic processes would be too difficult to model. This view needs reconsideration – given developments as Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration, Apps and blockchain. In many countries different organizations have their own responsibilities in data maintenance and supply, but may communicate on the basis of standardized administrative and technicalupdate processes. Operationalization and implementation of LADM requires attention to this aspect - at least at conceptual level (not prescriptive). This will an issue in the development of LADM Edition II and this is the issue that is explored in this paper. @en

Processes and transactions in Land Administration are outside the scope of the Land Administration Domain Model Edition I published in 2012. Reason is that processes were considered to be country specific. Generic processes would be too difficult to model. This view needs reconsideration – given developments as Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration, Apps and blockchain. In many countries different organizations have their own responsibilities in data maintenance and supply, but may communicate on the basis of standardised administrative and technical update processes. Operationalisation and implementation of LADM requires attention to this aspect - at least at conceptual level (not prescriptive). This will an issue in the development of LADM Edition II and this is the issue that is explored in this paper.@en

Processes and transactions in Land Administration are outside the scope of the original Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) Edition I as published in 2012. Processes were considered to be country specific. By then generic processes were too difficult to model. This view needs reconsideration – given developments as Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration, Mobile Apps and blockchain processes. In many countries different organizations have their own responsibilities in data collection, data maintenance and distribution. But they all communicate on the basis of standardised administrative and technical processes. Operationalisation and implementation of LADM requires attention to this aspect, at least at conceptual level and should not be prescriptive. Nevertheless the development of the LADM is and was based on user needs. The global market and globalization are constantly influencing and introducing new processes for data collection, data maintenance and distribution all requiring a shared ontology, These administrative and technical processes will be discussed during the development of LADM Edition II. Issues in this debate will be presented in this paper. Those processes are not just transactions but the Fit-For-Purpose approach in Land Administration enables the inclusions of processes as such as: selection of imagery, automated feature extraction, initial data collection with mobile apps, etc. Also the application of blockchain for transaction management is an issue. The operationalisation of those processes and tools, at scale (apart from conventional cadastral processes which may be complex to standardise) is an issue given the ambitions in the Sustainable Development Goals to bring tenure security for all. The Open Geospatial Consortium initiated operationalisation of land administration standards as LADM and there is a cooperation with the International Standardisation Organisation in this respect.@en

The paper describes the ongoing developments and standardisation in land administration. Standards are relevant in relation to build as well as maintain and develop a land administration. Standards like the ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) are helping to jump-start new initiatives and are connecting top-down and bottom-up projects together. The LADM facilitates the efficient set-up of land administration and can function as the core of any land administration system. LADM is flexible, widely applicable and functions as a central source of state-of-the-art international knowledge on this topic. Some future trends in the domain and the maintenance of the standard are presented and being discussed in the paper. These trends may be relevant for the development of a second edition of the LADM over the coming years. These models do not include land administration processes for initial data acquisition, data maintenance and data publication. This is because these processes were considered to be country-specific when the first edition of LADM was prepared; a generic and global approach was likely to be difficult to model. This view may now need reconsideration.@en