This chapter examines the evolving societal status of the Russian minority amid the transforming urban spaces of the Baltic capitals – Riga, Tallinn, and Vilnius. Previous research suggests that Russian identity individuals, particularly those with lower socio-economic status, are experiencing increasing residential segregation in the Baltics. Furthermore, the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has worsened public attitudes towards Russian minorities in the region. We hypothesize that these factors lead to a declining societal status and potential marginalization of the Russian minority in the Baltic capitals. Drawing on quantitative data, we aim to assess whether the Russian minority could be characterized as increasingly marginalized in the Baltic capitals. Using data from the 2001, 2011, and 2021 censuses, we map the residential distribution of Russian identity individuals in Riga, Tallinn, and Vilnius. Our results indicate that Russians, especially those with lower education levels, are being pushed to the margins of both society and urban space, highlighting signs of marginalization processes. This study underscores the complex interplay of historical legacies and structural inequalities in shaping the social landscape of the Baltic capitals. It also emphasizes the need for further research to address the negative consequences associated with increasing segregation and marginalization.@en

Like many other Central and Eastern European countries Lithuania has been experiencing significant socio-spatial transformations since the 1990s. One of the most prominent of these transformations is associated with the residential suburbanization of its major cities. The suburbs are the only areas in Lithuania where the population has been growing in recent decades, while the country has lost almost one quarter of its population. Although, extensive urban growth is a common feature for all large Lithuanian cities, it is more noticeable in Vilnius. Due to its historical and geographical context, Vilnius, and the region surrounding it, is in an area where rural-urban transformation also means transformation of the social, ethnic, and political landscape. The aim of this article is to obtain more insight into the recent process of the fast, but weakly controlled, residential suburbanization of Vilnius. The focus is on understanding the scale of suburbanization and its impact on the social and physical environment. In this study, we use quantitative data on population and residential constructions as well as presenting some visual material. Our results show that the new suburban-style settlements are spatially dispersed. New residential areas have emerged within the city limits, along its administrative boundary as well as in the most peripheral parts of the Vilnius metropolitan region. In terms of the morphology and physiognomy, a great suburban diversity exists in and around Vilnius, and different building styles are mixed creating a rather chaotic landscape, with little interference from urban planners and no clear vision for the future.@en

This study is focused on Soviet housing estates in Vilnius. The aim of the chapter is to gain more insight into the social and ethnic profile of the residents and to highlight the trajectories of change. The analysis is based on Lithuanian census data from 2001 to 2011. Results suggest that although Soviet housing estates are less segregated than other parts of Vilnius, considerable socio-economic differences exist among residents belonging to different ethnic groups. Soviet housing estates are definitely not the most attractive residential areas, and more affluent groups increasingly prioritise residing in other parts of the city. However, that has not turned them into the neighbourhoods with the highest concentration of the least affluent population. Thus, the Soviet housing estates maintain a rather neutral position in the current residential structure of Vilnius.

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