Parking is often overlooked by urban researchers even though parking consumes large proportions of a city’s physical footprint and imposes a significant impediment to more sustainable travel. Underpinning this lack of attention is suitable data and methods capable of capturing the complex dynamics of parking. Here we redress this gap by drawing on an emergent source of parking data and deploying empirical techniques to unpack this complexity. Data from 3542 on-street parking sensors observed over a 9-year period are used to delineate the first typology of parking routines before using a fixed-effects logistic regression model to explain how nearby land-use types and land-use mix shapes tempo and timing of parking utilisation. The benefit of our approach lies in its capacity to discriminate broad types of temporal rhythms associated with parking dynamics at particular places, how these change over time and how these rhythms are associated with different types and mixes of nearby land use. This knowledge is important to inform policies seeking to optimise the use of on-street parking and invoke more sustainable patterns of mobility.

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This study examines the conceptualizations of planning research by more than two hundred Master’s students enrolled in planning schools located throughout four continents. The study is set in the context of theories on the two main traditions of planning thought: “planning as a social science” and “planning as design.” The findings reveal that planning students typically have one of four conceptions of planning research: (1) research as trading of ideas, (2) research as gathering of evidence, (3) research as precursor to design, and (4) research as rhetoric. While the planning schools included in this study have diverse orientations (along the design–social science continuum), our findings suggest that planning students most often conceptualize this discipline as a social science. The orientation of a planning student’s current school or department appears to be more important in determining a student’s conception research than his or her undergraduate study major. While planning curricula are becoming more homogenized around the world, some national traditions persist which then affect how students regard planning research.@en

The chapter reflects on the 12 case studies discussed in the book and considers their implications for future research. At the end of the chapter, a new agenda for parking research in large cities is set out.

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