A Belgian manufacturing company uses pallet movers for internal transport. Despite the company's efforts to improve occupational safety, accidents with pallet movers remain noteworthy. In order to control occupational accidents, it is crucial to have a clear view of the potential accident scenarios that are present in a company. The bow-tie method is a way to capture and visualize these accident processes in an integrative way. Included in the bow-tie are safety barriers (both technical as organizational and human) and management delivery systems that can intervene in these accident processes. Once bow-ties are composed, they are an excellent point of departure to assign indicators to the safety barriers and management delivery systems in order to control (i.e., prevent or mitigate) accident scenarios. Two types of indicators can be distinguished. Firstly, there are general indicators that are assigned to management delivery systems interrupting multiple accident scenarios, which can yield a higher safety gain (as they intervene in multiple accident scenarios). Secondly, there are scenario-specific indicators targeting one specific accident scenario, which can be valuable as they target a specific problem in the company. For the development of the bow-ties, a multi-method design with the inclusion of different data sources was used, leading to a comprehensive overview. This makes the bow-tie analysis of internal transport with pallet movers transferable to other settings where pallet movers are used for internal transport.

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Safety Management Systems usually follow specified formats, as required by standards and other procedures. The quality of such systems is often obtained with assessments at the ordinal measurement level. This paper introduces a barrier-based safety management system coupled with a quantitative approach to safety management modelling. The risk management part of this system is composed of so-called delivery systems, which describe the management processes in place in order to manage barriers. The proposed approach aims to determine how the delivered management factors affect risks by influencing the functioning of barriers. Taking the competence delivery system as an example, competent people are delivered to carry out the tasks of barriers, and these tasks guarantee barriers’ effectiveness. In this research, barriers are grouped into five types. By quantifying competence indicators and the performance of each type of barrier, the link between a delivery system (competence) and barriers is established. Other delivery systems can be quantified in a similar way, meaning that safety management systems will work more efficiently with such monitoring. In addition, this quantification can be used as input for audits, by making assessments more transparent.@en