The ageing population in the Netherlands presents challenges in elderly care, including rising health issues, a shortage of healthcare staff, and escalating costs. This study explores the association between healthy ageing and Blue Zones, regions in the world where long and healthy lives are common. Genetic factors contribute to 25% of lifespan variations, while non-genetic elements, such as unhealthy habits and social conditions, play significant roles. Environmental factors also impact the ageing process. The research aims to create a healthy urban living environment in the Netherlands, drawing inspiration from the lifestyle lessons in the Blue Zones. The main research question delves into how Dutch living environments can promote healthy ageing and assist the elderly in maintaining vitality. Sub-questions explore the key elements contributing to healthy ageing, the implementation of the Blue Zone concept in the living environment on the scale of the neighbourhood, street and building, and how the concept can be applied within Dutch urban living environments. Building on the principles of Blue Zones, the study focuses on three key spatial domains within the living environment: Physical Activity, Green/Blue Spaces, and Social Connection. The research goal is to provide practical design guidelines for architects and urban planners, aiming to reduce healthcare costs and chronic diseases in the ageing population. Implementing these guidelines in Dutch urban environments enhance the overall health of the elderly, maintaining their vitality and independence for as long as possible. To achieve the best health benefits, a societal shift towards proactive engagement and inhabitants’ responsibility for their living environment and health is needed to create a healthy living environment.

This thesis examines the evolution of societal views towards older adults and their housing in the Netherlands, and how these views have shaped policies and housing typologies. The study analyses four time periods and explores the societal, economic, and political factors that have influenced the provision of housing for older adults. In this thesis, the case study of De Drie Hoven, a well-received housing complex designed in 1971 for older adults, that eventually closed due to changing policies and needs, highlights the importance of considering the dynamic nature of policies and societal views in designing housing for this population. The thesis concludes that designing housing complexes for older adults is a complex task that requires careful consideration of various factors, including societal views, financing of care, government policies, and the specific needs of the older adults themselves. However, even the most flexible designs may have limitations in meeting the changing needs and demands of older adults, as housing for this population is highly time-specific and dependent on current policies.