In this paper, a constitutive model for masonry structures is presented. It is based on the Jointed Rock (JR) model with overall Mohr-Coulomb (MC) failure criterion, and it is implemented as a user-defined soil model in the finite element
code PLAXIS. The Masonry model is a linear elastic-perfectly plastic model capable of simulating the macroscopic, anisotropic response of masonry structures, by making use of different potential sliding planes (directions) with
different strength properties. A Coulomb criterion is used to simulate failure in each plane, whereas an overall Mohr-Coulomb criterion is used to represent failure of the masonry as a whole. The model is verified against analytical
formulations and validated against experimental data. Particular focus is given to its practical application, considering the response of a masonry structure located in Groningen (the Netherlands) under seismic excitation. A soil profile at a specific location between Loppersum and Huizinge is employed, and soil properties are determined based on available geotechnical data. Clayey soil layers are modelled using the Generalised Hardening Soil (GHS) model. Sandy soil
layers are modelled with the PM4Sand model. The liquefaction potential is also assessed under certain seismic conditions. The masonry, assumed to be shallow-founded, is subjected to an induced strong ground motion, and its response is studied via the proposed constitutive model.@en

In this paper the man-induced earthquakes in Groningen (the Netherlands) are studied in terms of site response analyses and liquefaction evaluation. A particular soil profile in Loppersum is employed and soil properties are determined based on available geotechnical data. Clayey soil layers are modelled by means of the Generalised Hardening Soil (GHS) model. Sandy soil layers are modelled either with the GHS model or with the UBC3D-PLM model, depending on the purpose of the analysis. The UBC3D-PLM model is used to assess the liquefaction potential. Numerical results are verified against analytical formulations. The non-linear site response of the relatively soft soil deposit is captured well by PLAXIS. Special focus is given to a practical application, considering the response of a shallow-founded masonry structure under seismic excitation. The masonry is simulated by means of the Jointed Rock (JR) model, which constitutes an anisotropic elastic perfectly plastic constitutive model. Two orthogonal slide planes are used in correspondence with the horizontal and the vertical joints of the masonry. A Coulomb criterion is used to simulate failure in each individual plane. Failure mechanisms, such as vertical, horizontal or shear cracking, developed in the body of the superstructure, are identified.@en