Open-access remote sensing products provide data for transboundary water management. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the applications, uncertainties and implications of these remote sensing data products in the context of transboundary water management. Focusing on different stages within the transboundary cooperation continuum, we delineate the potential role and application of remote sensing data at the various stages of this cooperation. Despite the uncertainties and capacity requirements for data acquisition, processing and interpretation, we argue that remote sensing broadens opportunities to monitor, assess, forecast, track or validate compliance in transboundary basins, thereby challenging traditional notions of water data exclusivity.

This study aims at studying the microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Ni₃Al-xB (0.0<x<1.5 at%) alloy, made by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Effects of milling time as well as boron addition on the crystallite size, lattice strain, and powder morphologies of synthesized powders were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Synthesized powders were consolidated under uniaxial compression 50 MPa at 950 °C for 10 min. Shear punch and hardness tests were used to evaluate mechanical properties of consolidated specimens. Results show that Ni₃Al compound were synthesized after 30 h of milling in a planetary ball mill with the rotation speed of 350 rpm and ball-to-powder ratio 10:1. Synthesized powders have crystallite size in the range 15–20 nm depending on the milling time. Results also show that boron addition is influential the most when boron content is between 0.5–1.0 at%. Boron addition is accompanied with a significant improvement of hardness and shear strength and a drop in the ductility of Ni₃Al-xB (0.0<x<1.5 at%) alloy. The details concerning structure-properties relationship in this system are discussed in this paper.