The Energy Emission Design Index (EEDI) is an index indicating the CO2 emission per transportation effort, for example the emitted tons CO2 per ton mile, to be calculated for each new design. The required index for new designs will be gradually lowered in the coming years resulting in either improved energy efficiencies or speed reductions. RoRo carriers are key stones in shore based logistical systems and as a result diverse in design speeds and main dimension ratio’s. This diversity could be threatened by the relative simplicity of the EEDI regulations. This article aims to estimate the influence of the EEDI approach on 30 existing RoRo cargo carriers. The attained EEDI’s per design are determined. Also the costs per transport effort are calculated based on the private costs and based on the social costs, both at the economically optimum speeds based on a uniformly applied sailing profile. The social costs are based on all emissions because the number of Environmental Special Area’s is limited and the impact of speed reductions will not be limited to climate change. The expected speed reductions for these designs based on the EEDI, but also the required speed reductions when taking into account the total social costs are used to estimate the effectivity from the EEDI regulations. Amongst others it was concluded that the existing diversity in service speeds and main dimension ratio’s will be jeopardized by the EEDI regulations.@en

This paper explorers the possibilities to design a ship for a future 'sea change' like a major retrofit of the engine room. In order to assess the potential future beneficial impact of such design measures, a demonstrator method has been developed that scores a concept design for its 'Retrofit-penalty', thus allowing for comparison of design alternatives and what-if analyses in a very early stage. The conclusion is that such an approach is feasible, but in order to get more meaningful results further research on scaling of parameters is required.@en

This paper firstly explains the consequences and possibilities of environmental measures in the RoRo shipping business. Next, technologies for dealing with the environmental issues are financially evaluated. Thirdly, the possible retrofitting technologies are evaluated from an aggregate viewpoint. From a private cost perspective, it is found that as long as the LNG prices are decent in combination with an acceptable distribution system, changing main engines from diesel-fuelled towards dual-fuel engines could result in a win-win solution. However, finding private investors could be a problem. Given the latter, some shipping lines may ignore the new regulation; especially since for most retrofit solutions, the private return on investment is negative. As opposed to this, the societal return is positive, hence, the question becomes how government can support the implementation of these solutions. The last part of the paper examines incentives to reduce CO2 emission for existing ships with a view to encouraging ship-owners to integrate such emission reduction into their business objectives at the least cost@en

This book models price behaviour and forecasts prices in the dry bulk shipping market, a major component of the world shipping industry. Recent uncertainties in the world economy, shipbuilding developments and fleet changes mean the dry bulk shipping market has become extremely volatile, highly speculative and more sensitive to external shocks. In response to these challenging circumstances, this book models price behaviour and forecasts prices in various markets including the freight market, the new build ship market and the second-hand ship market. The authors have carried out an extensive investigation of dry bulk shipping over a 60-year period in diverse sub-markets, trading routes, market conditions and dry bulk vessels. The authors also propose a framework for analysing and modelling the economic processes of numerous variables in the dry bulk shipping market, making use of modern econometric techniques and other economic approaches. This will be especially useful for the control and assessment of risk for ship owners and charterers in ship operation, ship chartering and ship trading activities. This book will be extremely useful for shipbuilders, owners and charterers, as well as shipping analysts and policymakers. It will also be of great interest to academics and researchers concerned with the economics of the shipping industry@en