In this book chapter, a benchmark test system has been studied for power system stability considering the high share of power electronic converter-based generation. Furthermore, both conventional PI controllers and grid forming control have been taken in to account in order to study the impact of the high penetration of power electronic converter on the dynamic response of the power system.

The main objective in this chapter is to develop and present a generic model for wind turbine (WT) which can be used for both DFIG- and FSCG-based WT for large-scale multi-machine power system dynamic studies. The presented model is developed for RMS simulation on PowerFactory, and it can be used as a replacement for both DFIG- and FSCG-based WTs without making any changes in the generic model itself. The generic RMS model is appropriate for the stability studies of large grids where the detailed dynamics, i.e., control action in the range of milliseconds, of the power electronic converter-based controllers do not play an important role.

In this chapter, an integral approach for Grid-Forming and Black-Start capability of a large-scale interconnected Power System model is developed. This chapter introduces a model for Electro-Magnetic Transients (EMT) simulations, where a three-area power system is presented, containing different devices interfaced to the transmission network via voltage-source converters (VSC); seventeen wind power plants (WPP), seven battery-energy storage systems (BESS), and two HVDC transmission links. Of the total energy produced in this model, 90% is generated by the WPP and the other 10% by conventional generation units (CGU). The control systems that regulate the WPP and the HVDC stations were upgraded with Grid-Forming capability. Therefore, the power system model is suitable for simulations during both steady-state and transient operational scenarios. If the latter case may derive in a Blackout, it allows simulating Black-Start and Restoration strategies. The proposed grid-forming and black-start capabilities were tested with various EMT simulations reproducing severe short-circuit faults, deriving in a full blackout in one of the areas of the power system. The model also was upgraded with five protection relays with a restoration algorithm that determines the best re-energisation path for the fastest possible restoration strategy. The simulation results demonstrate that a power system with high penetration of converter-based generation and transmission is completely capable of managing a grid during all circumstances if its control systems are designed to do so, without encountering the problems arising from current injection control.

In this book chapter, innovative protection schemes have been suggested to prevent bottlenecks of the power system considering the integration of offshore and onshore wind turbines and HVDC link. Four different countermeasures are proposed and investigated. Their effect on the system overloading and stability is also taken into account. The models for the simulation have been implemented in PowerFactory.

In this chapter, a grid forming control approach called direct voltage control (DVC) for wind turbine control with restoration capability of power system with a high share of power electronic-based generation units is presented and discussed. All the detailed explanation, DSL-based control is presented for dynamic simulations in DIgSILENT software.

In this paper, a systemic approach for Restoration and Black-Start capability of a large-scale interconnected Power System model is investigated. In the developed model for Electro-Magnetic Transients (EMT) simulations, there are three areas with different devices interfaced to transmission network via voltage-source converters (VSC), including seventeen wind power plants (WPP), seven battery-energy storage systems (BESS), and two HVDC transmission links. Of the total energy produced in this model, 90% is generated by the WPP and the other 10% by conventional generation units (CGU). The control systems that regulate the WPP and the HVDC Systems were upgraded with Grid-Forming capability. Therefore, the power system model is suitable for simulations during both steady-state and transient operational scenarios. If the latter case may derive in a Blackout, it allows simulating black-start and restoration. The Model was designed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory 2018 and its proposed grid-forming and black-start capabilities were tested with several EMT simulations reproducing severe short-circuit faults, deriving in a full blackout in one of the areas of the power system. The model also was upgraded with five protection relays with a restoration algorithm that determines the best re-energization path for the fastest possible restoration strategy. The simulation results endorse that a power system with high penetration of converter based-generation and transmission is completely capable of manage a grid during all circumstances if its control systems are designed to do so.