The ever-increasing need for improving the energy yield in wind farms while minimising fatigue loads has created the need for exploring new concepts in the wind sector. One is the notion of wind farms with turbines of varying hub heights, often called vertically- staggered (VS) configurations. Multiple studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of such arrangements, yet the effect of erecting larger-scale wind turbines into an already existing control wind farm has not been explored. This concept has gained remarkable industrial attention, particularly in the German onshore market, as it simplifies the grid connection and land acquisition, among other benefits. Understanding the implications of vertical staggering on turbine performance is therefore essential. In addition, fast and accurate modelling of the inflow conditions modulated by the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), is crucial in predicting the flow properties and energy yield in wind farms. A novel steady-state, RANS-based inflow model has recently been proposed, yet it lacks detailed validation. The present research aims to assess the reliability of that model in large wind farm flow simulations and subsequently apply it to identify flow patterns and power production characteristics in VS configurations representative of the German onshore wind standards through numerical simulations. RANS modelling combined with the actuator disk method in the PyWakeEllipSys software was employed to demonstrate that despite the inability of that inflow model to yield accurate prediction of the turbulence intensity, the computed velocity field is in fair agreement with LES results in conventionally neutral boundary layer conditions. This is evident, especially for deeper ABL cases. This study argues for the complexity of the flow caused by the collocation of different turbine scales in the investigated VS configurations. It is also highlighted that rotor overlap negatively impacts the power production of both turbine types in VS wind farms. Hence, it is suggested that optimal performance in VS setups can be achieved by minimising the rotor vertical overlap through appropriate adjustments of the hub height.

The recurred idea of developing multi-rotor wind turbines has led to the need of more accurate surrogate wake models which allow for a fast annual energy production (AEP) calculation and further understanding of the aerodynamic power losses of multi-rotor wind turbines.

The present thesis develops a surrogate wake model of a multi-rotor-two turbine validated against computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of type RANS-AD. The outcome is a superposition model of an analytical representation of the wake which base function coefficients are stored in look-up tables as a function of the wind inflow conditions affecting the turbine. The derived surrogate model is able to predict the overall wind farm efficiency with more than 90% accuracy while compared to RANS-AD models.

Towards the end of the thesis, a comparison between a single-rotor wind farm of 18 V29 turbines and a multi-rotor wind farm composed by nine 2R-V29 turbines (hypothetical turbine) is evaluated through RANS-AD simulations within the same wind-farm area. The energy ouput showed to be highly dependent on the wind-farm geometry, and the wind direction average suggest that 5% more energy yield is obtained from the multi-rotor-farm for velocities below rated speed.