Word-of-mouth (WOM) and intention to continue use (ICU) are the two critical components of customer loyalty towards a particular service. There has been a large body of research investigating the effect of determinants on the loyalty formation of public transport passengers. However, the impact of social cues from other passengers, which are part of the social environment, have received less attention. This study developed a theoretical model to examine the complex relationships among the cues from other passengers, perceived security and safety, perceived value, WOM and ICU. Cues from other passengers involved three dimensions: similarity, physical appearance, and suitable behaviour. These three dimensions were measured using a formative approach in structural equation modelling (SEM). Additionally, the moderating effects of demographic characteristics on the formation of public transport passenger behaviours were explored by multi-group SEM. The model was empirically tested using data collected from more than 870 bus passengers in two big cities in Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh and Danang city). The results showed that social cues from other passengers have a strong predictive power over the WOM and ICU of bus passengers. The study successfully demonstrated the critical role of demographic characteristics as moderators on loyalty formation. The findings reported in the present investigation provide several theoretical and practical implications.@en

Introduction: In developing countries, traditional motorcycle taxis are operated as a type of public transport mode. Recently, the development of mobile technology has enabled this transport mode to become an app-based motorcycle taxi service, leading to a rapid increase in travel demand. However, the emergence of app-based motorcycle taxi riders is considered to contribute directly and indirectly to the high proportion of road traffic crashes through their risky riding behaviours. The associations between unhealthy habits such as smoking, drink riding and other risky behaviours among motorcyclists have received less attention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the effect of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours on risky riding behaviours among app-based motorcycle taxi riders. This study also explores the prevalence of risky riding behaviours and their associations. Methods: An online survey and field surveys were carried out to obtain information about app-based motorcycle taxi riders’ demographics, work patterns and risky riding behaviours. More than 600 riders (mean age = 25.74 years, SD = 7.3), who were working in the three largest cities in Vietnam, completed a structured questionnaire. Results: Binary logistic regression modelling showed that riders who regularly smoked and drunk alcohol were more likely to engage in the risky behaviours of smoking while riding and drink riding (Adj. OR = 18.61, 95%CI, p < 0.001 and Adj. OR = 9.02, 95%CI, p < 0.01 respectively). The results also indicated that those who sometimes smoked cigarettes were more likely not to wear helmets when riding (Adj. OR = 2.55, p < 0.01). While smoking habits were associated with smoking while riding and not wearing a helmet, most surveyed risky riding behaviours were associated with drinking habits. Significant associations between smoke/drink riding and all other risky riding behaviours were also found in this study. Conclusion: A better understanding of these relationships will help authorities and ride-hailing firms to improve safe riding behaviours among app-based motorcycle taxi riders.@en

Mobile phone use while driving presents significant risks, potentially leading to injury or death through distracted driving. Using a case study of Vietnam, this research aimed to understand the effect of problematic mobile phone use (also known as mobile phone addiction or compulsive mobile phone use), attitudes and beliefs, and perceived risk on the frequency of mobile phone use among motorcyclists and car drivers. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to motorcyclists (n1= 529) and car drivers (n2= 328) using an online survey and face-to-face survey. The survey took around 20-min to complete and participants were entered into a lottery for supermarket vouchers. Of the motorcyclists, 42% of the sample (the highest proportion) was in the 18-25 age group while the 36-45 age group accounted for the highest proportion among car drivers (34.8%). Using structural equation modelling (SEM), key findings showed that each construct influenced mobile phone use, but in different ways for motorcycle riders and car drivers. Attitudes and beliefs had the largest effect on mobile phone use while riding among motorcyclists, with problematic mobile phone use having the smallest influence. In contrast, problematic mobile phone use had the largest effect on mobile phone use while driving a car, with attitudes and beliefs having the smallest effect. The findings of this study point to the need for tailored interventions involving a range of actors (policymakers, police enforcement, mental health professionals, advocacy groups and the wider community) to raise awareness, modify attitudes and increase risk perception associated with mobile phone use while driving/riding. This can be achieved thorough educational tools and road safety campaigns which are focused on reducing this risky driving behaviour. This includes customising road safety programs for individuals and groups affected by problematic mobile phone use such as targeted advertising.@en