This study explores the potential of nature-based solutions (NBS), specifically green roofs and walls, to mitigate extreme heat in arid urban environments like Riyadh. Using fieldwork, interviews, and remote sensing, a microclimate model is developed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of these inter- ventions. Findings highlight that combined green roofs and walls provide the greatest cooling benefits, reducing temperatures by up to 1.31°C for the tested scenarios, but come with significant challenges, including high costs, structural limitations, water scarcity, and maintenance needs. Reflective coatings emerged as a cost-effective alternative, offering consistent but modest cooling. The study emphasizes the need for targeted, localized cooling efforts and raises concerns about the feasibility of widespread green infrastructure implementation in arid regions.