Alcohol is a global risk factor for road trauma. Although drink driving has received most of the scholarly attention, there is growing evidence of the risks of alcohol-impaired walking. Alcohol-impaired pedestrians are over-represented in fatal crashes compared to non-impaired pedestrians. Additionally, empirical evidence shows that alcohol intoxication impairs road-crossing judgements. Besides some limited early research, much is unknown about the global prevalence and determinants of alcohol-impaired walking. Understanding alcohol-impaired walking will support health promotion initiatives and injury prevention. The present investigation has three aims: (1) compare the prevalence of alcohol-impaired walking across countries; (2) identify international groups of pedestrians based on psychosocial factors (i.e., Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and perceptions of risk); and (3) investigate how segments of pedestrians form their intention for alcohol-impaired walking using the extended TPB (i.e. subjective norm, attitudes, perceived control, and perceived risk). A cross-sectional design was applied. The target behaviour question was “have you been a pedestrian when your thinking or physical ability (balance/strength) is affected by alcohol?” to ensure comparability across countries. Cluster analysis based on the extended TPB was used to identify groups of countries. Finally, regressions were used to predict pedestrians’ intentions per group. A total of 6,166 respondents (Age M(SD) = 29.4 (14.2); Males = 39.2%) completed the questionnaire, ranging from 12.6% from Russia to 2.2% from Finland. The proportion of participants who reported never engaging in alcohol-impaired walking in the last three months ranged from 30.1% (Spain) to 83.1% (Turkey). Four groups of countries were identified: group-1 (Czech Republic, Spain, and Australia), group-2 (Russia and Finland), group-3 (Japan), and group-4 (final ten countries including Colombia, China, and Romania). Pedestrian intentions to engage in alcohol- impaired walking are predicted by perceptions of risk and TPB-psychosocial factors in group-1 and group-4. Favourable TPB-beliefs and low perceived risk increased alcohol-impaired walking intentions. Conversely, subjective norms were not significant in group-2 and only perceived risk predicted intention in group-3. The willingness of pedestrians to walk when alcohol-impaired differs significantly across the countries in this study. Perceived risk was the only common predictor among the 16 countries.@en

Background: Sexual harassment in public transportation is a growing concern, particularly among women. Over the years, there have been several programs and policies to mitigate sexual harassment while using public transport. However, there is little evidence of the effectiveness of these strategies, especially in Latin America. Objective: This investigation aims to determine the factors that influence women's perceived risk of sexual harassment while using public transport in Colombia. Methods: In this study, we designed an image-based stated preferences survey based on the current bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Barranquilla, Colombia. Several variables were considered in this experiment including the time of the day, surveillance, and crowding, among others. For each scenario, participants reported whether they felt safe or not. Then, a logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors that influence women's perceived risk of sexual harassment while using the BRT system. Results: The results show that more than 60% of respondents have been a victim of sexual harassment while using the BRT system. Also, overcrowded buses proved to have the most negative effect on the perceived risk of sexual harassment. Travelling at night, lighting and being alone were all significant variables as well. Conclusion: Sexual harassment could potentially influence use of the BRT. The findings of this research can be used to develop countermeasures and increase public transport ridership.@en