This paper reports on the creation of a novel 3D Hall-effect sensor based on an anisotropically etched, inverted pyramid structure. Specific biasing and sensing contact configurations are employed to extract the in-plane or out-of-plane components of the magnetic field, eliminating cross-sensitivity by symmetry. Simulations were performed to verify the functionality and performance of the device, and the results suggested that sensitivity can be manipulated by varying the size-to-contact ratio. MEMS and CMOS processes were leveraged to create small-footprint, single-structure magnetometers with high in-plane/out-of-plane sensitivity. Four different geometries were characterized and maximum in-plane sensitivities of 80.1 V/A/T and 22.3 mV/V/T and in-plane to out-of-plane sensitivity ratios of up to 0.77/1.09 (current/voltage-related) were measured. The presented pyramid structure enables a path toward CMOS-integrated, spatially isotropic magnetometers using a single Hall sensor.@en

We present iron-doped beta gallium oxide (Fe-ßGa2O3) as a candidate for photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) with sub-bandgap light. From a commercially available Fe-ßGa2O3 wafer, we first did material characterization. This included measurements of absorption coefficient and dopant composition, carrier activation energy up to 200 C, break down field of planar electrodes (limited from material passivation), and free carrier recombination lifetime, and thermal effects up to 203 C on photocurrent with a 447 nm light emitting diode (LED) source. We then demonstrated pulsed operation of a Fe-ßGa2O3 PCSS under different sub-bandgap wavelengths (355, 532, and 1064 nm) and sub-ns pulses. Fe-ßGa2O3 is a candidate for high temperature PCSS with 355 nm responsivity of 7 × 10-7 A-cm/W-kV at room temperature and up to 5.5 × 10-4 A-cm/W-kV at 200 C. From these investigations, we discuss a simple trap model to describe the illumination process of the PCSS. Fe-ßGa2O3 has a high breakdown field and has moderate responsivity characteristics, but the dark current at high temperature leads to low photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR). Regardless, we verify its potential as a PCSS material for harsh environment applications.

@en

This article provides an overview of power semiconductor devices (PSDs) for the distributed energy resource (DER) system. To begin with, an overview of electrically triggered silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) devices followed by a brief narration of ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) PSDs and, subsequently, an overview of optically activated PSDs encompassing photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) and optical bipolar PSDs are provided. Finally, an overview of PSD packaging and reliability is captured.

@en

In this work, we demonstrate and model the deep-level defect physics of semi-insulating gallium arsenide bulk photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) with gap size of 10 μ and 25 μ in dark-mode operation. Experimental measurements up to biasing field of 10 kV/cm show near-bistable characteristics in the dark-mode current-voltage relations for the PCSS, which cannot be reproduced through commercial Technology Computer-Aided Design simulations. Thus, we model the PCSS by solving for homogeneous non-equilibrium steady-state of the PCSS trap dynamics, where we introduce two semi-Analytical models both involving two deep levels with impact ionization effects. Both models have an excited deep-level that can capture electrons from or emit electrons to the conduction band. The two models differ, however, by the fact that one has a ground state with capture and emission, whereas the other does not include such mechanisms but instead includes electron excitation and relaxation processes directly between the ground state and the excited state without interactions with the conduction band. We find that the former does not fit with experimental near-bistable features while the latter achieves a good match with the same total number of fitting parameters. Further measurements of bias upto 50 kV/cm on one 10 μ PCSS confirms the validity of the second model as well. Finally, a brief discussion of the implications on the illuminated operation of the PCSS is also given to illustrate the importance of including defect interactions and defect avalanche effects.

@en