Elisabeth M. Beunder
9 records found
1
Authored
In hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) the slag will hold the removed sulphur. However, the iron that is lost when the slag is skimmed off, accounts for the highest costs of the HMD process. These iron losses are lower when the slag has a lower viscosity, which can be achieved by ...
The HIsarna process is one of the emerging low-CO2 ironmaking processes that could help the steel industry in achieving their carbon footprint goals. HIsarna hot metal contains 3–4 times more sulfur than hot metal from blast furnaces (BFs). Therefore, a literature s ...
The optimal hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) slag is defined as a slag with a sufficient sulphur removal capacity and a low apparent viscosity (ηslag) which leads to low iron losses. In part I of this study, the fundamentals behind the optimal slag were discussed. I ...
To lower the iron losses of the hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) process, slag modifiers can be added to the slag. Slag modifiers decrease the apparent viscosity of the HMD slag. Most common slag modifiers in industry contain fluoride as a fluidiser. However, fluoride leads to ...
Carbon may precipitate during the hot metal desulfurization (HMD) process as a result of carbon oversaturation because of temperature decrease. The precipitated carbon flakes form a layer between hot metal and slag. It is postulated that this carbon layer hampers desulfurizati ...