The future of socially intelligent systems depends on developing abilities to anticipate and empathize with users. Whilst great strides have been made on developing systems for future behavior forecasting that sometimes also claim to do intention estimation, we argue that the predominant state-of-the-art treatment of these problems leads to a significant misunderstanding about this topic. This paper revisits intention estimation, describing the "intention by outcome" problem and how it severely limits a deeper understanding of the nature of the problem. We argue that without a deeper more nuanced understanding of how to develop intention estimation systems, we head into a severely biased world where intentions would only be considered valid by intelligent systems if they came true. Through a case study on estimating unrealized intentions to speak in-the-wild, we highlight open challenges of this largely unexplored topic.@en

Information storage in vivo will lead to next-generation identification and security authentication. Here, an information storage method was proposed for in vivo application by using a pair of lanthanide-doped nanoprobes (NdNPs and ErNPs) with orthogonal emissions in the second near-infrared window. The information is stored in different fluorescence channels separately, while the selective readout could be realized by simply manipulating excitation wavelengths. The small-animal experiments primarily confirm the applicability of this method in vivo. The binary numbers ″1″ and ″0″ are implanted under the mice's skin, and the corresponding signals ″on″ and ″off″ can be collected by charge-coupled devices under different laser filter combinations. The design of lanthanide-doped probes with the nanoscale features and orthogonal emissions is expected to provide a new strategy for information storage in vivo. The lanthanide materials with excellent down-conversion near-infrared fluorescence performance have shown great application potential in the field of photonics.

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We propose an optimized uniform illumination design method for the ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) array module considering its application in UV light purification systems. First, the geometrical optics theory is used to evaluate the illumination of the purification layer receiving surface based on the luminescence intensity distribution in case of a single LED. Then, by combining the requirements of the spacing between the array module and purification layer, the ratio of the minimum and maximum illuminances of the purification layer, and illumination angle of a single LED, the optimal array spacing and simulation results of illuminance distributions are obtained by the dichotomy method along with the TracePro simulation. Finally, an uniform illumination measurement test has been designed for the array module to verify the accuracy of the simulation results. The research results demonstrate that the proposed method can realize an optimal design of the LED array module under different requirements with respect to the illumination uniformity, structure, and light source; furthermore, the proposed method exhibits important guiding significance for the design and development of UV light purification systems.@en